2. Bell Ringer: The BLUE flow chart below lists the events that led to the break up of the Roman Empire. Fill in the missing words using the hints in the red boxes. First in 330 CE, Constantine decided to… Then, power in the empire was… In 410 CE… In 476 CE… Move the capital to the east. Divided. Rome was sacked Odacer attacked Rome and the Western Roman Empire fell. The Byzantine Empire rose to power. Finally, in the east…

4. The Byzantine Empire, or Byzantium, was formerly a part of the Roman Empire. As the Empire in the west fell due to moral decay, invasions from barbaric tribes, and political turmoil the east actually prospered for all of the reasons listed above.

5. Significance Why was Byzantium important?  Empire ruled the east from 300 C.E. to 1453 C.E.  Constantinople was able to preserve classical culture  The empire was a center of trade, learning and cultural diffusion

6. Geography  Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantine Empire  Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine  Capital: Constantinople

7. Location is Everything  Why Constantinople? Good port for trading Far from the Germanic Tribes Natural defenses

8. Maps! Asia Minor Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Spain (Iberia) Italy Greece Arabia Canaan/ Judea Egypt Caspian Sea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9. Checking for Understanding  Why did the Eastern Roman Empire survive when the Western Roman Empire fell?  What geographic factor was most important to the growth of the Byzantine Empire?

10. Religion

11.  Christianity!  A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. Ex: various Christian denominations

12. Religion  The Christian Church is present in both the West (Rome) and the East (Constantinople)  Both have leading bishops In Rome there is a Pope In Constantinople there is a patriarch  A small disagreement between the two churches over icons, led to larger disagreements eventually a split or schism A schism is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement

13. What is an icon? A painting of Christ or another holy figure, used as an aid to devotion.

14. Religion West (Rome)  Pope  View on Icons: okay  Church service in Latin  Priests can’t marry East (Byzantium/Constantinople)  Patriarch  View on Icons: not okay.  Church Service in Greek.  Priests can marry. Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church

15. Branches within Christianity Early Christianity Western Church Catholicism (Roman Catholic Church) Protestantism LutheranBaptistProtestant Catholicism Eastern Orthodox Great Schism (11 th Century) Reformation (16 th Century)

16. Achievements

17.  Preserved Greco-Roman culture  Art Mosaics Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles

18. What is a Mosaic? A picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass

19. Other Achievements  Constantinople’s Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)  Justinian Code  Surviving for 1000 years  Language: Greek Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic alphabet)

20. Hagia Sophia A 6th century masterpiece built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century.

21. Images of the Exterior

22. Images of the Interior

23. Checking for Understanding  Compare the Byzantine achievements with the achievements of the Ancient Roman Empire.

24. Political

25.  Emperor: sole and absolute ruler with power from divine origin.  Famous ruler: Justinian

26. Justinian (527 – 565)  Restores the glory of Rome Rebuilds Constantinople Re-conquers Roman territory Reforms the empire

27. Rebuilding Constantinople  Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

28. Rebuilding Constantinople  Justinian: modernizes the city Mese (“Middle Way”) Hospitals Schools Palaces Aqueducts Law courts Public baths Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

29. Rebuilding Constantinople  Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

30. Reconquer  Goal was to reconquer lost Roman territory.

31. Reforms  Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church  Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection  Justinian Code Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws Became the basis for western legal codes for centuries to come!

32. Economy

33.  Center of trade Trade Routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea  Mese – “Middle Way”  Lots of trade  Trade  Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

35. Social

36.  Women had more rights and freedom (Empress Theodora)  Schools  Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

38. Decline of Byzantium…looks similar to the Romans  Bankrupts the empire  Too large to control  Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines  Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13 th and 14 th centuries  Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453

42. Know This Date! Constantinople falls: 1453

44. Justinian Resume