1. CULTURE knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society Examples: art buildings machines hairstyles clothing

2. SOCIETY a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture

3. SYMBOLS a thing that stands for or represents something else

4. NORMS rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

5. FOLKWAYS norms that lack moral significance Examples: -talking loudly in quiet places -wearing shorts with a suit and tie -wearing a different-colored sock on each foot

6. MORES norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society Examples: a person who… -steals -rapes -murders

7. FORMAL SANCTIONS sanctions imposed by persons given special authority Examples: Positive: Congressional Medal of Honor - A’s - money Negative: ticket -fine(s)

8. INFORMAL SANCTIONS rewards or punishment that can be applied by most members of a group Examples: -thanking someone for helping to change a flat tire -staring at someone who is talking loudly during a movie

9. VALUES broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society Examples: -achievement and success -activity and work -equality -democracy -group superiority -efficiency and practicality

10. NONMATERIAL CULTURE ideas, knowledge and beliefs that influence people’s behavior

11. MATERIAL CULTURE the concrete, tangible objects of a culture

12. SUBCULTURE a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects Examples: -Chinatown in New York City -The super rich

13. COUNTERCULTURE a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominate culture Examples: -Motorcycle gang -Revolutionary political group

14. ETHNOCENTRISM judging others in terms of one’s own cultural standards examples: Olympic games States Cities Good or bad?