1. Developing Descriptive Interoperability A Call to Action

2. The History Quiz 1.When was the NISTF set up in the USA? Answer: 1977 3. When was the first edition of MAD published? Answer: 1986 2.What format resulted from their work? Answer: USMARC AMC

3. The History Quiz (2) 4.In which city was the 1988 Invitational Meeting of Experts on Descriptive Standards held? Answer: Ottawa, Canada 5.In what year was the first edition of ISAD(G) published? Answer: 1994 6. What was the main product of the American WGSAD? Answer: Standards for Archival Description: A Handbook published in 1994

4. The History Quiz (3) 8.When was EAD Version 1.0 released? Answer: 1998 9.What is ISO 23081 about? Answer: Information and documentation – Records Management processes – Metadata for Records 7.What was the DTD from which EAD eventually evolved called? Answer: FINDAID DTD

5. The History Quiz 7-9 – Stupendous Standard Supremo 4-6 – Solid Standard Star 0-3 – Standards aren’t my thing, I’m a free spirit

6. Open versus Closed “once one begins to consider standards for description, and even more, the standards needed to communicate information beyond one’s own institutional walls, other people’s and other professions’ standards necessarily come into play” Lawrence Dowler, “Introduction” American Archivist 52.4 (1989): 432-435

7. Open versus Closed an attempt “to construct a library-compatible standard for archival description” Michael Cook, “Description Standards: The Struggle Towards the Light” Archivaria 34 (1992):50-57

8. Information Exchange versus Archival Description Those involved moved towards an attempt “to establish the precondition for archival information exchange” They did not want to get “led into the depths of the descriptive standards problem” Richard Lytle, “An Analysis of the Work of the National Information Systems Task Force” American Archivist 47.4 (1984): 357-365.

9. Information Exchange versus Archival Description: ISAD(G) those developing ISAD(G) were “interested in exchanging data about their holdings” “ISAD(G) does not specifically discuss the authenticity of records” Wendy Duff, “Evaluating Metadata on a Metalevel,” Archival Science 1 (2001): 285-294.

10. A call to action we should think carefully about the distinction between information exchange and archival description we should not assume that creating and exchanging multi- level description means that we have dealt with the question of preserving meaning and context in respect of records we should develop a more holistic and expansive concept of interoperability

11. PREMIS MoReq2010 XML Schema MODS EAD Dublin Core Information Exchange Descriptive Interoperability Descriptive Interoperability