1. Nicoletta Calzolari Berlin, October 2010 1 PWI 24622 ISO SC 4/WG 4 Lexicon-Ontology relations PWI 24622 Nicoletta Calzolari Exploratory meeting

2. Nicoletta Calzolari2Berlin, October 2010 To explore the need of doing something within ISO about the relations between Lexicon and Ontology Do we/ISO need to address another (lexical) layer?  How lexicons and ontologies are linked and information mapped from one to the other  The ontological layer in a/connected to a lexicon Possible issues/questions:  Is LMF enough to represent Ontological links?  How to connect work being done in ISO Lexical group and ISO Ontology groups?  Lexicon and Ontologies: separation? or lexicalised ontologies? or ontologised lexicons?  Lexicon, Ontologies and Domains  On a very different dimension: Ontology of lexical/semantic/conceptual categories? Standardised semantic categories, ontology labels?  Relation to multilinguality ...

3. Nicoletta Calzolari3Berlin, October 2010 Complex picture! Is there anything we need to do for Interoperability? Work within ISO:  LMF: abstract meta-model for lexical representation  Ontology Group or more Groups?  Language Resource Ontologies: ontology of data categories  … Real life:  Lexicons (e.g. WordNets) that are called Ontologies  Lexicons linked to Ontologies: to be used in applications, in multilingual systems, domains, …  Work on “ontologising” Lexicons: to allow exploiting various relations, to make inferences, …  Semantic Lexicons, with many types of relations among semantic units: these are often of “conceptual/world-knowledge” nature. Do we want DCs for these? ...

4. Nicoletta Calzolari4Berlin, October 2010 Sparse issues, from Hong Kong Relations linking L & O: designates, denotes, … Relations linking L & O: designates, denotes, … Relation between Ling. Objects, Terms and Concepts of O classes Relation between Ling. Objects, Terms and Concepts of O classes O classes are related to the LE in different languages. Represent somewhere a relation betw lexentry & O O classes are related to the LE in different languages. Represent somewhere a relation betw lexentry & O Multilinguality associated to an O Multilinguality associated to an O Linguistic annotation of O labels Linguistic annotation of O labels Template based Ontologies Template based Ontologies Semantic relations complementary to O relations Semantic relations complementary to O relations IE relations: how to express these? IE relations: how to express these? Pragmatic properties of lexical units Pragmatic properties of lexical units OntologyMetaProperties  Where? OntologyMetaProperties  Where? Define relations with TMX, XLIFF, LMF, … Define relations with TMX, XLIFF, LMF, … Hierarchy in the O Hierarchy in the O Use OMetadata Vocabulary to express O Use OMetadata Vocabulary to express O......

5. Nicoletta Calzolari5Berlin, October 2010 Sparse issues, from Hong Kong Many issues & different dimensions/viewpoints Many issues & different dimensions/viewpoints Many initiatives are going on, BUT in partially different, individual, specific directions. Even if sometimes small differences. Should avoid that Many initiatives are going on, BUT in partially different, individual, specific directions. Even if sometimes small differences. Should avoid that There is work on which to base the analysis of current state-of-art. Start from real experiences and try to generalise may be a fruitful methodology There is work on which to base the analysis of current state-of-art. Start from real experiences and try to generalise may be a fruitful methodology Analyse which are the basic issues/components/principles/relations of the L/O relation Analyse which are the basic issues/components/principles/relations of the L/O relation E.g. Principle of economy of an O E.g. Principle of economy of an O While the L is larger: A lot of linguistic/lexical info While the L is larger: A lot of linguistic/lexical info Multilinguality is another relevant issue Multilinguality is another relevant issue Analysis of LMF: has to be touched? Analysis of LMF: has to be touched? How to relate with O groups in ISO? How to relate with O groups in ISO? Worthwhile to do some work on this Worthwhile to do some work on this But need someone willing to contribute, also to write the draft proposal But need someone willing to contribute, also to write the draft proposal

6. Nicoletta Calzolari6Berlin, October 2010 Some contributions Laurent – help identifying a scope for a future project. Compile summarising slides Laurent – help identifying a scope for a future project. Compile summarising slides Thierry – with slides from Monnet & other ideas Thierry – with slides from Monnet & other ideas Thorsten – willing to contribute Thorsten – willing to contribute Antonio Pareja – willing to contribute Antonio Pareja – willing to contribute Harry – Harry – Then we discuss ….

7. Nicoletta Calzolari7Berlin, October 2010 Some contributions in HK  Key-Sun – Present my work about this issue  Thierry - A model for the relation between Ling. Objects, Terms and Concepts of Ontology classes. We build for this also on LexInfom (Paul et al) and OTR (Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles et al). The ISO relevant aspects are the DatCats  Piek –  Eric – Project about (helping) building ontologies from language. The focus is not on lexical ontology relations (on the application side) but this is something pertinent from a more linguistic point of view (for instance, about using thematic roles in relations)  Marc – A tool called VICOS which allows users to create informal ontologies anchored in (parts of) lexical entries. LMF interchange formats together: the issue of representing relations is also of interest there, even though these are not necessarily ontological ones  Samuel – Experience in the multilingual domain  Nasredine – Building semantic lexicons from ontologies and their applications in cross-language information retrieval and machine translation  Laurent – Ontolgy slides …  Kara – Then we discuss ….