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America in the 1950s The Eisenhower Era.

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Presentation on theme: "America in the 1950s The Eisenhower Era."— Presentation transcript:

1 America in the 1950s The Eisenhower Era

2 American Society The Baby Boom
Between 1946 and 1961, 63.5 million babies Effects Short term Long term

3 American Society Economic Boom Consumer Demand “The Affluent Society”
Why? For what?

4 American Society Growth of the Middle Class Suburbs
Levittown Reemergence of the Cult of Domesticity Reflected by TV Dr. Benjamin Spock Sunbelt vs. Frostbelt Why? How?

5 American Society Sunbelt vs. Frostbelt Why? How?

6 American Society Pop Culture Television Movies
1950s – the decade of the greatest conformity in American history? Why or why not? Television Movies

7

8 American Society Rock n’ Roll Elvis Presley Generation Gap

9 American Society Art: Abstract Expressionism Jackson Pollock
Willem de Koonig

10 American Society The Beat Generation (beatniks) Late 1950s
Jack Kerouac’ s On the Road Allen Ginsburg Characteristics

11 American Society Conformity Resistance to Conformity
Middle class values and anti-communism Examples David Riesman’s The Lonely Crowd (1950) Resistance to Conformity Civil Rights Rock n’ Roll Beat Generation

12 Politics of the 1950s Election of 1952 – Review – “I Like Ike” Ad
Eisenhower defeats Adlai Stevenson

13 Domestic Politics Dynamic Conservatism
Meant “being conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings.” Social Security benefits extended Minimum wage raised to $1 an hour Pragmatic, less ideological – What does this mean?

14 Domestic Politics Dynamic Conservatism
Interstate Highway System – Why? Effects? St. Lawrence Seaway Creates Department of HEW – Why? Three balanced budgets in eight years

15 Domestic Politics Ike Reelected in 1956 Defeats Stevenson again
Electoral vote States carried Popular vote 35,579, ,028,028 Percentage % %

16 Domestic Politics Labor Unions Merger of AFL-CIO - 1955
Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters Landrum-Griffin Act 1959

17 Domestic Politics Alaska and Hawaii become the 49th and 50th states

18 Civil Rights Earl Warren (and Ike)
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas 1954 Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

19 Civil Rights Response to Brown Massive resistance in the South
Protesting the Little Rock Nine

20 Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks

21 Civil Rights Little Rock, Arkansas Little Rock Nine Ike’s Response

22 Civil Rights Dr. King and non-violence Sit-ins
Greensboro Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

23 Civil Rights What is the point of the cartoon?

24 Civil Rights Other minorities Mexican-Americans Native Americans
Bracero program “Operation Wetback” Native Americans Reverses New Deal law

25 Cold War Key Advisors John Foster Dulles Allen Dulles (CIA)
(SoS) Allen Dulles (CIA) Eisenhower’s foreign policy Korea (visits in December 1952) Liberation of Eastern Europe Massive retaliation – define Brinksmanship Rejected containment – Why?

26 Cold War American Reactions Spending Cheyenne Mountain The Greenbriar

27 The Greenbriar Construction began in 1958 on the 112,544-square-foot bunker, which was built 720 feet into the hillside under The Greenbrier's West Virginia Wing. Once complete in 1961, the facility was maintained in a constant state of readiness by a small group of government employees working undercover as Forsythe Associates, a company hired by the resort for audio/visual support services. During its Eisenhower-Era use, the bunker provided the following: Four entrances; three to The Greenbrier's grounds and one to the main building 25-ton blast door that opens with only 50 lbs. of pressure Decontamination chambers 18 dormitories, designed to accommodate over 1,100 people Power plant with purification equipment and three 25,000-gallon water storage tanks Three 14,000-gallon diesel fuel storage tanks Communications area, including television production area and audio recording booths Clinic with 12 hospital beds, medical and dental operating rooms Laboratory Pharmacy Intensive care unit Cafeteria Meeting rooms for the House and Senate, the Governor's Hall and Mountaineer room Over the 30 years that it was an active facility, communications and other equipment were updated, keeping the bunker at full-operation status. The location of the facility, critical to its effectiveness, remained a secret for more than three decades. On May 31, 1992, The Washington Post published an article, "The Last Resort" which exposed the facility. In 1995, the US government ended the lease agreement with The Greenbrier, and later that year, the resort began offering tours of the historic facility.

28 Cheyenne Mountain

29 Cold War Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) “New Look Military”
Define: deterrent “New Look Military” Farewell Address Warning: growth of the military-industrial complex

30 Cold War Stalin dies-1953 Warsaw Pact
1955 New Soviet leader – Nikita Khrushchev “Peaceful coexistence” or “We will bury you” (economically)

31 Cold War Events Geneva Summit – 1955 Hungarian Uprising-1956
Suez Crisis – 1956 Nasser and Egypt Britain, France & Israel attack Egypt – Why? Eisenhower Doctrine

32 Cold War Events Sputnik National Defense Education Act
1957 (above, right) National Defense Education Act Explorer I launched 1958 (below, right) NASA founded

33 Cold War Events Conflict with the USSR Kitchen Debates U-2 Incident

34 The Cold War & the CIA Iran – 1953 Guatemala – 1954
Coup that installed the Shah as dictator Iranian revenge in 1979 Guatemala – 1954

35 Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Dien Bien Phu – 1954 SEATO Domino Theory
Vietnam divided – how? Ngo Dinh Diem SEATO Domino Theory

36 Cuba Fidel Castro Successful coup, January 1, 1959 American response

37 The Affluent Society New Industrial Society Science R & D Computers
Silicon Valley Bugs Science Jonas Salk Polio vaccine

38 The Affluent Society New Industrial Society Effects Rachel Carson

39 The Affluent Society Was everyone wealthy?
Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man Michael Harrington The Other America: Poverty in the United States

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