1. Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Nathan Patrick The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering – Mechanical Option

2. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Presentation Outline Project Background Info Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Mechanical Systems Design Energy Analysis Overall Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Lighting Analysis Conclusions

3. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Project Background Info

4. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Project Background Info Location: Linthicum Heights, MD Less than 2 miles from BWI Airport) BWI Airport Hilton Hotel

5. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Project Background Info Project Information: Function:Full-service hotel Project Cost:$27 million (estimated) Size:277,000 sq ft (gross) Delivery Method:Design-Build Construction Dates:June 2005 - October 2006

6. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Existing Mechanical Systems

7. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Existing Mechanical Systems Condenser water – boiler loop: (2) induced-draft cooling towers (3) natural gas boilers WSHPs in all 279 guest rooms (4) VAV AHUs VAV boxes with hot water reheat (6) CAV RTUs

8. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Existing Mechanical Systems Value Engineering: Eliminated (2) ACUs for guest room ventilation  Approved variance: transfer air from corridors into guest rooms and operable windows Eliminated (2) chillers  AHUs and RTUs operate like heat pumps on condenser water loop

9. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Design Objectives

10. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Design Objectives Main Goal  Increase Energy Efficiency Other goals: Decrease life cycle costs Decrease annual energy consumption Reduce emissions Improve indoor air quality of guest rooms Incorporate sustainability Use design innovation

11. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Mechanical Systems Design

12. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Mechanical Systems Design Chilled water plant design  Chilled water and condenser water systems  System characteristics Water-side free cooling savings Impact on air-side equipment Guest room indoor air quality Equipment selection

13. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Chilled Water Plant Design Design Process: Determine building cooling load 1. CHW flow distribution 2. CHW system characteristics 3. CW system characteristics 4. Chiller selection 5. Adjust cooling tower selection 6. Optimize piping design and pumps 7. Optimize control sequences 8. Calculate life cycle costs

14. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport 700 ton peak cooling load Variable primary flow with parallel pumping CHWS = 44 F, ΔT = 12 F 2.0 gpm/ton  1400 gpm Chilled Water System Flow CharacteristicsRefrigerants (2) parallel centrifugal chillers with VSDs 50/50 loads, 350 tons each R-123 or R-134A refrigerant choices

15. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport 2-cell, induced-draft cooling towers CWS = 85 F, ΔT = 10 F 3.0 gpm/ton  2100 gpm Condenser Water System Flow Characteristics Fan control with VSDs Efficiency > 70 gpm/hp 1200 or 1800 rpm fan motor speed choices

16. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Water-Side Free Cooling Disadvantages: Uses more cooling tower fan energy Limited operating hours Advantages: Decreases chiller energy usage Reduces operating costs

17. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Water-Side Free Cooling Saves almost 3% of HVAC energy usage Saves $12,000 or 5% of annual operating costs

18. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Air-Side Equipment Impact Changes: (4) AHUs changed to CHW cooling coils (5) RTUs changed to CHW cooling coils and HW preheat and reheat coils Stayed the Same: Space zoning Ventilation sizing VAV box layout Duct sizing

19. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Guest Room IAQ (2) new DOAS units - 60 cfm per room (2) energy recovery wheels, VSDs on both  Enthalpy wheel: 3A molecular sieve, desiccant coating  Passive dehumidification wheel: adsorbent desiccant

20. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Guest Room IAQ 4-pipe FCUs instead of WSHPs or 2-pipe FCUs  No compressor at each unit  No seasonal changeover  Increased flexibility  Increased energy efficiency 60 cfm of direct ventilation air  From DOAS units

21. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Equipment Selection (2) Trane CenTraVac centrifugal chillers (2) Marley NC-Class induced-draft cooling towers (4) Bell & Gossett 1510 series end-suction pumps (2) for CHW system and (2) for CW system (288) Carrier Airstream fan coil units (4) Carrier Aero air handling units (5) Carrier Aero CAV rooftop units (1) plate-and-frame heat exchanger

22. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Energy Analysis

23. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Energy Analysis Energy Usage Comparison Uses 82% less electric, but 28% more natural gas Uses 53% less total energy

24. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Energy Analysis Energy Cost Comparison per Year New HVAC design cost 78% less than original Lights and electric stayed about the same

25. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Overall Cost Analysis

26. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Overall Cost Analysis Original First Costs Used First Costs New First Costs

27. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Overall Cost Analysis Life Cycle Cost Comparisons First costs: 40% more Annual costs: 78% less

28. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Acoustical Analysis

29. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Chiller Acoustical Analysis Sound Pressure Levels

30. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Chiller Acoustical Analysis Transmission Loss Calculations

31. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport FCU Acoustical Analysis RC-30?  No Sound Power Calculations

32. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport FCU Acoustical Analysis Adjusted Sound Power Calculations RC-35?  Yes

33. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Lighting Analysis

34. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Lighting Analysis Lighting Options: Original incandescent lamps Change to compact fluorescent lamps (2) surface mounted CFL options (2) surface mounted disk options – CFL and circular fluorescent Combination of SM disk and CFL lamps

35. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Lighting Analysis Energy Savings Electric Cost Savings

36. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Lighting Analysis Lamp Cost Savings Yearly Total Savings

37. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Conclusions

38. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Conclusions Central chilled water plant benefits: Increased energy efficiency Reduced life cycle costs Improved guest room IAQ Decreased overall energy usage Reduced emissions Overall better system

39. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Acknowledgements Thank you to everyone for their support!! My loving parents and brother, Jared Julie – I couldn’t have survived without you!! Entire AE class of 2006 – you guys are awesome…  Big Jay, B-rad, Senk, and Roni The entire AE Department  Moses, Dr B, and JJ Southland Industries, Inc  Scott Winkler and Andy Tech And most importantly… God

40. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Questions... …and Answers

41. Spring 2006 Nathan Patrick Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport Thank you!