1. 303 Third St, Cambridge, MA Brian Tufts Structures Option Advisor: Dr. Ali Memari 4/14/08

2. Architecture Overview Urban setting near M.I.T. Must appeal to affluence Technology area Contrast of materials Terra-cotta Metal paneling Creates it’s own world with U footprint and green space centrally located 3 levels of parking below grade Retail on the ground level Apartments start on the ground floor

3. Building Programming Total Building Area: 830,000 SF Residential Area: 595,000 SF Retail Area: 8,000 SF Parking: 215,000 SF North Building Area: 327,000 SF North Building: 292 Units 41 Studio 650 SF EA 136 1 Bed 850 SF EA 103 2 Bed 1200 SF EA 12 3 Bed 1550 SF EA

4. Overview of Building Systems Structural Composite steel framing 3 ¼ LWC on 3” 16 ga composite metal floor deck Electrical 2 primary power distribution boards (2) 300 kVA transformers provide 120/208V to panels Backup power via 750 kW generator Mechanical 2 cooling towers each for north and south building totaling ~150,000 CFM per building 5 water cooled AC units service lobby and fitness areas 14 rooftop air conditioning units service corridors 4 boilers totaling 23,300 MBH

5. Thesis Objectives Evaluate an alternative floor framing system using open- web steel joists Compare seismic performance Reduce lateral framing Reduce gravity columns Check vibration performance Explore fireproofing issues Compare cost savings Mechanical Breadth – Building Envelope Efficiency Check envelope performance with Massachusetts Energy Code Propose 2 pane window to increase envelope performance Compare cost of two systems and energy performance

6. Massachusetts State Building Code Sixth Edition Based on Building Officials and Code Administrators National Building Code – BOCA 1993 Key differences from ASCE 7 ◦Wind – The reference wind velocity for each wind load zone is the “fastest-mile” wind velocity, in miles per hour, at 30 feet about the ground  Pv = 90 mph for Cambridge, MA  Reference wind pressure for Exposure C = 31 psf  Resulting story shear is less conservative than BOCA ◦Seismic - Equivalent Lateral Frame Method – BOCA  R = 5.0 for Concentrically Braced Frames  R = 4.5 for Ordinary Moment Frames  Effective peak acceleration: Av = Aa = 0.12g for all of Massachusetts  Ct = 0.20

7. Typical Composite Steel Framing Beam Spacing: 12.5’ (Typ) with 18’-1” span Girders typically span 25’

8. Typical Bay Framing Typical Bay – Composite Steel Typical Bay – Steel Joists

9. Lateral Frames Along Line E Composite SteelSteel Joists

10. Lateral System & Gravity Column Comparison Cost: $3500/Ton for steel and erection in Boston, MA

11. Typical Bay Comparison

12. Ceiling Sections

13. Fireproofing

14. Vibration Analyzed the typical bay for walking excitation and a future office occupancy Typical joist is 12K1 Typical girder is VLH24 Δj = 0.186 in Δg = 0.266 in f n = 5.263 Hz a 0 /g = 0.003 < 0.005

15. Depth Study Summary Open-web steel joists would save initial costs in column steel and lateral framing members. Steel joists are also cheaper to frame than composite steel framing. Vibration is not an issue for this application of steel joists as the typical bay is more than adequate for walking excitation. If the 12’ floor-floor height is adequate, alternate fireproofing detail would alleviate issues related to the application of cementitious fireproofing. Open-web steel joists are a viable alternate framing system for 303 Third Street.

16. Mechanical Breadth Study – Building Envelope Typical Wall Sections

17. Wall U-Values Calculated using the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

18. Energy Compliance Check Specified walls and ¼” clear float glass fail energy compliance check by 30%

19. Proposed Two Pane Window Increase building envelope efficiency by 14% Cost roughly $45/SF including framing and installation, compared to $35/SF for single pane windows Image courtesy of http://www.energystar.gov

20. Conclusions Open-web steel joists are a viable alternative floor framing system Two pane glass may be necessary to meet minimum energy code and result in a 14% increase in envelope performance for 303 Third Street Increased envelope performance will help obtain LEED points under the Optimize Energy Performance section of the LEED Reference Guide A decrease in window area and an increase in wall insulation will increase envelope performance, but has architectural and apartment rent ability implications.

21. Thanks McNamara/Salvia Inc. Consulting Engineers - Boston, MA Mark Aho, P.E. John Matuszewski, P.E. Adam McCarthy, P.E. Robert McNamara, P.E., S.E. Joseph Salvia, P.E. William Waterston, AIA - Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. – Cambridge, MA Hank Klein - Extell Development Company –Boston, MA Andrew Copelotti - Equity Residential –Boston, MA Mark Pasciuto - Bovis Lend Lease LMB, Inc.– Boston, MA Woth Ngan - Bovis Lend Lease LMB, Inc.– Boston, MA Martin Turnbull – AHA Consulting Engineers – Lexington, MA The AE Department Friends and Family who supported me while preparing this thesis

22. Questions?