1. ©2007 Clairmont Press North Carolina: Land of Contrasts Chapter 7 North Carolina Finally Awakens Study Presentation

2. Chapter 7: North Carolina Finally Awakens Section 3: Whigs Support DevelopmentWhigs Support Development

3. Section 3: Whigs Support Development ESSENTIAL QUESTION – What improvements were supported by the Whigs in the early 1800s?

4. Section 3: Whigs Support Development What words do I need to know? 1.Democratic Party 2.Whig Party 3.curriculum 4.plank road

5. Section 3: Whigs Support Development Introduction 1830s: Andrew Jackson help build up the Democratic Party and made it a powerful part of the nation Whig Party formed to oppose “King Andrew” Jackson Nathaniel Macon strong supporter of Jackson Followers of Archibald Murphey formed the North Carolina Whig Party 1840 & 1844: John Motley Morehead (1 st Whig leader in NC elected as NC governor resulting in public education and internal improvements)

6. The Start of Public Education 1839: the Whigs created the state’s first public school system 1840: Rockingham County opened the 1 st common school (five years later every county had at least one school – by 1850 more than 2000 schools were in operation) During this period the University in Chapel Hill improved in both enrollment & curriculum – broadened in law & agricultural chemistry (Note: David Swain: president – 1835 to 1868) Elisha Mitchell: best-known professor in mathematics

7. The Coming of the Railroads 1830s: steam engine results in the locomotive; became the most important thing to happen to the state Railroads built where canals could not be Steam engine could be fueled with easily obtained wood Whigs used public funds to complete costly railroads

8. The Coming of the Railroads (2/3) 1837 & 1841: the legislature invested in the construction of two lines – the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad and the Raleigh & Gaston (the 2 nd went bankrupt and had to be reorganized) 1848: the North Carolina Railroad (NCRR) established which ran from Raleigh through Greensboro & Salisbury to Charlotte 1856: tracks completed with additional rails to Goldsboro connecting with the Wilmington & Weldon

9. Early Railroads in North Carolina

10. The Coming of the Railroads (3/3) Secondary effects: the towns of Goldsboro & High Point grew up around important railroad sidings Fayetteville: supported the construction of plank roads (often called “farmer railroads”) The plank roads enabled farmers to keep their wagons above the mud and ruts Plank roads: extended from Fayetteville to Taylorsville

11. Social Improvements (1/2) State set up welfare institutions Governor Morehead: convinced the legislature to set up a school for the deaf & blind (opened in Raleigh in 1845) 1853: hospital est. in west Raleigh for the insane (encouraged by Dorothea Dix of Massachusetts) 1834: the Baptist Literary Institute est. and later known as Wake Forest College 1837: New Garden Boarding School (grew into Guilford College a half century later)

12. Social Improvements (2/2) Other schools included: –1837: Davidson College set up north of Charlotte –1838: Trinity College (later moved to Durham & grew into Duke University) –1840s: Greensboro Female College, St. Mary’s in Raleigh, and Chowan Baptist Female Institute in Murfreesboro

13. Industrial Beginnings The Whigs chartered cotton mills 1840s: more than a dozen factories set up Located mostly on the Cape Fear River Marketing of cloth mostly in Fayetteville Edwin M. Holt: ran the best-known mill – the Alamance Factory (produced the 1 st dyed cloth – the “Alamance Plaid” which became NC’s first famous product) 1848: 1 st telegraph installed Click here to return to Main Menu.

14. Section 3: Whigs Support Development ESSENTIAL QUESTION – What improvements were supported by the Whigs in the early 1800s? 1.Public Education 2.Railroads 3.Social Improvements. 4.Mill Towns.

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16. ©2007 Clairmont Press North Carolina: Land of Contrasts Chapter 7 North Carolina Finally Awakens Study Presentation

17. Chapter 7: North Carolina Finally Awakens Section 4: “The Rainbow of Promise”“The Rainbow of Promise”

18. Section 4: “The Rainbow of Promise” ESSENTIAL QUESTION – What conditions led people to believe that North Carolina held a “rainbow of promise”?

19. Section 4: “The Rainbow of Promise” What words do I need to know? 1.superintendent of public instruction 2.literate 3.free suffrage

20. Section 4: “The Rainbow of Promise” Introduction North Carolina moves ahead Number of people in towns doubled 1835-1850: number of newspapers in the state more than doubled “The Old North State” no longer asleep Mary Bayard Clarke (one of NC’s 1 st poets) noted that “Old Rip is awakening”

21. Mining By 1830s: fifty mines in operation Several mines dug under Charlotte 1837: Federal Government established a branch of the US Mint in CharlotteUS Mint in Charlotte 1831-1849: Christopher Bechtler ran a private mint near Rutherfordton 1842: Gold Hill started & became one of the most famous mine sites Other valuable mine products included iron ore & coal

22. Railroad Fever Railroad from Goldsboro to Charlotte meant that farmers & millers in the west could send goods all the way to Wilmington 1850s: Western Railroad chartered by NC Benefits felt all over the state –Wayne Co.: cotton productivity went from 300 bales in 1850 to 4,000 bales by 1860 –Davidson Co.: wheat production increased from 80,000 to 250,000 bushels

23. Education and Literacy 1850s: every county developed common schools 1852: Calvin H. Wiley of Guilford County became the 1 st superintendent of public instruction, introduced standards for teachers, published a magazine to help teachers, and wrote the first textbook on North Carolina history 1850s: more than 400 private academies & more North Carolinians were literate

24. Two-Party Politics 1850s: change in NC’s two political parties Whigs lost control of the state 1850s: Democrats ran the state & came to champion free suffrage 50-acre land ownership requirement for voting in state elections done away with Whigs opposed free suffrage amendment to the state constitution Click here to return to Main Menu.