1. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #1 CSC 140: Introduction to IT Operating Systems

2. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #2 Questions What is an operating system? What services does it provide? What’s the difference between CLI and GUI? What types of OSes are out there? How can I use UNIX?

3. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #3 What is an Operating System? Program to help you use the hardware: –CPU –Memory –Disk –Other I/O: graphics, sound, printers, etc. Properties provided by an Operating System –Ease of use. –Efficiency. –Fairness. –Reliability. –Security.

4. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #4 Layered View of a Computer System

5. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #5 Two Views of an OS 1.Top-down –E.g., The OS performs the task of dealing with complicated hardware resources and gives you a comprehensive and simple machine, ready to use. –In this way, the OS provides a virtual machine. 2.Bottom up –E.g., the OS decides how much space how much RAM space is to be allocated to a program before it is loaded and executed. –In this way, the OS is viewed as a resource manager.

6. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #6 Operating System Services Execution of a program Input and output operations performed by programs Communication between processes Error detection and reporting Manipulation of all types of files Management of users and security

7. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #7 CLI vs GUI CLI –Input device is a keyboard. –Communicate by typing in a computer language. Graphical User Interface –Input is taken from a point-and-click device. –Communicate by filling out forms.

8. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #8 Types of Operating Systems Single-user, single-process system –MS-DOS, MacOS 9, MS Windows 3.1. Single-user, multiprocess system. –MS Windows 95, 98, ME. Multiuser, multiprocess system –MS Windows NT, XP. –UNIX. –VMS. –Mac OS X.

9. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #9 Structure of a UNIX command #command [[ - ] option(s)] [option argument(s)] [command argument(s)] Examples: $ ls $ ls -la $ ls -la m* $ lpr -Pspr -n 3 proposal.ps

10. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #10 Logging On and Logging Off General Categories –Local Area Network (LAN) Connection. –Internet Connection. –Stand-Alone Connection. For the first lab, we will be logging onto zappa.nku.edu

11. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #11 1. Connecting via a UNIX Terminal login: your_username password: your_password Last login: Sun Aug 28 19:35:32 2005 from foo.com. You have new mail. Terminal type? [vt100] Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.9 Generic May 2002 NOTICE: April 19, 2005 – The upgrade to Java JDK 1.5.2 has been completed. #

12. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #12 2. Connecting via PuTTY on a Microsoft Windows Machine

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14. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #14 3. Connecting via a Telnet Client on a Microsoft Windows Machine.

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16. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #16 File Maintenance Commands What is File Maintenance? File and Directory Structure –Home Directory –Current Working Directory

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18. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #18 File Maintenance Commands Viewing the Contents of Files –cat, more, less # cat > myfile This is an example of how to use the cat command to add plain text to a file # more myfile This is an example of how to use the cat command to add plain text to a file

19. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #19 File Maintenance Commands Creating, Deleting and Managing Files –cp, mv, rm, ls # cp myfile myfile2 # mv myfile2 renamed_file # mv “latest revisions october.txt” laterevs.txt # rm renamed_file # ls Desktop Mail myfile myfile2 # ls –al

20. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #20 File Maintenance Commands Creating, Deleting and Managing Directories –mkdir, cd, pwd, rmdir # mkdir first # cd first # pwd /home7/smithj/first # cd # pwd /home7/smithj # cp myfile myfile2 # ls my* myfile myfile2 # rmdir first rmdir: first: Directory not empty

21. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #21 Obtaining Help with man

22. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #22 Obtaining Help with man man [options][-s section] command-list # man ls User Commands ls(1) NAME ls - list contents of directory SYNOPSIS /usr/bin/ls [-aAbcCdfFghilLmnopqrRstux1@] [file...] /usr/xpg4/bin/ls [-aAbcCdfFghilLmnopqrRstux1@] [file...] DESCRIPTION For each file that is a directory, ls lists the contents of the directory. For each file that is an ordinary file, ls repeats its name and any other information requested. The output is sorted alphabetically by default. When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. …

23. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #23 whatis # whatis login setenv login login (1) - sign on to the system setenv set (1) - shell built-in functions to determine the characteristics for environmental variables of the current shell and its descendents apropos # apropos web neon neon (3) - HTTP and WebDAV client lib installer installer (1m) - Solaris Web Start installer smcwebserver smcwebserver (1m) - start the Sun console wbem wbem (5) - Web-Based Enterprise Mgmt Other Forms of Help

24. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #24 Utility Commands Examining System Setups –whereis, whoami, uname # whoami smithj # whereis mkdir mkdir: /usr/bin/mkdir # uname -a SunOS zappa 5.9 Generic_112233-07 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-250 Communication Commands –write username

25. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #25 Command Aliases The alias command creates new names for commands. Syntax for the alias command is: alias name=string

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28. CIT 140: Introduction to ITSlide #28 Logging Off Exit # exit Logout Connection to zappa.nku.edu closed. Ctrl-d will do the same thing.