1. Focus Question
How did the North and South differ during the first half of 1800s?
The availability of capital, labor, and energy allowed the North to develop various industries.
The South became the center of agriculture

2. Why Industrialization Spread
Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 cut off access to Britain manufactured goods
American Industrialization begins- Lowell and Slater
Britain gets back into the GAME! –Threatens US Jobs and industry (made cheaper)
Tariff of 1816: on import goods. Increased price by 20-25% T

3. Farming in the Old Northwest
Population growth and improvements in food production through agricultural science were factors in American growth
Capital investments (MONEY)

4. Industries of the Northeast
Shift from rural (farms) to urban (cities)
Industrialization increased rapidly in the North East
Commercial centers
Mill Towns
Transportation hubs

5. Industries of the Northeast
Hire young women to run the spinning and weaving machines
Willing to work for less
Machines changed workers’ lives by dividing labor into many small tasks

6. Industries of the Northeast
Northern industrialists favor protective tariffs raised
So that more people would buy American goods

7. The Growth of the Cities
The number of urban poor increased
Many people lived Over crowded apartments with poor sanitation, safety and comfort

8. The Growth of the Cities
Cities could not handle the population increase
Limited police and fire
No sewage system
No fresh water
Five Points area in Lower Manhattan
Named for the points created by the intersection of Park, Worth, and Baxter streets

9. Workers Organize
Early industries want to make a profit as the expense of the workers
No minimum wage
Long hours with little pay

10. Workers Organize
From 1834 through 1836 more than 150 strikes took place in the US
Lowell Girls
The National Trades Union
Formed to protect the interest on its workers by negotiating to resolve issues concerning wages

11. A Middle Class Emerges
Industrialization in the North caused a middle class to emerge
Most middle class worked in offices outside of their homes
Lawyers, Accountants, Bankers…etc.

12. Emigration from Ireland and Germany
In the mid-1800s, immigrants primarily came from Ireland and Germany
Political issues
Hunger – lack of food
Economic depression

13. Daily Quiz

14. What helped the North industrialize?
More workers

15. The mills in the Northeast hired mostly
young single women

16. In the early 1800s, the populations of cities in the Northeast
increased sharply
New York City (900,000)

17. The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked by
having them use machines to do jobs previously done by hand.

18. Emigration From 1830-1860’s immigration rose steadily each decade.
Mostly From Ireland and Germany (6,000,000)
Tended to be Catholic & Jewish
Tended to move to urban settings
% of NYC were immigrants

19. Irish 1 million died in Ireland due to starvation
Fungus grew on potato crop causing famine
Catholic
Large movement to Australia as well
Competed for manual labor

20. Germans Political upheaval due to revolution Mostly Jewish
A small minority did have a trade and set up shops
Moved to Midwest due to comepetion for jobs.
Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati, & Cleveland

21. Result of Emigration Social & Political strain
Classicism begins *ghetto’s begin
Very few went to South
Religious resentment by (original protestant settlers)
Political upheaval-Whig Party set up “Nativists- laws to discourage immigration and deny rights.

22. The Southern Section

23. The Southern Section
In 1860 the American South, if independent, would have been one of the wealthiest countries in the world based on the revenue of the cotton trade (Cotton Gin)
Cotton cultivation and its expansion depended on technological developments, land, labor, demand, and global system of trade

24. The Economy of the South
Southern States became known as the cotton belt
Economies of these states relied almost completely on the production of cotton
became too dependent on one crop, limiting development

25. The Economy of the South
South remained mostly rural
The geographical location of the South made farming successful
Fertile soil and plentiful rain

26. The Economy of the South
Plantations used slave labor to produce cash crop
Invention of the cotton gin allowed for the increase production of cotton

27. The Economy of the South
Virginia and North Carolina continued to grow tobacco
South Carolina – Sugar and rice
Kentucky – developed a rural economy which included breeding thoroughbred horses

28. The Slavery System
1804 Northern state either banned or passed laws to gradually end slavery
South – increase in slavery
1820 slave population number 1.5 million
Price of slaves tripled from 1802 to 1860 ($600 to $1500 ea.)

29. The Southern Slavery System
Most owners saw slaves as property that performed labor in their business
Work gangs of 20 to 25 slaves labored under the whip of a “slave driver”
A normal slave was expected to pick 130 to 150 pounds of cotton a day

30. Daily Quiz

31. The South remained agricultural largely because
its physical geography made farming highly profitable

32. A typical slave owner might have described his slaves as
property

33. The economies of Virginia and North Carolina differed from those of most of the South because they depended on
tobacco

34. In-Class Activity Read pages 236 - 238 Section bookwork.
On back of hand-out Create a Flow Chart or Tee Chart to illustrate the differences between the North and South regions

35. Northern Factory vs. Southern Plantation
One of the significant differences between the north and south in the years before the Civil war was their economies.
Factory system – mass production
Southern Plantation – slave labor