1. The Industrial Revolution
CHAPTER 13
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Section 2: The Factory System
Section 3: New Methods and Business Organizations
Section 4: Living and Working Conditions

2. Labor for the growing factories came from the farm population.
Many of the new factory workers were women, who made up more than 80 percent of the workers in textile factories.

3. The Wage System The Factory System SECTION 2 Domestic System
Unsupervised in own home
Were paid for number of items completed
Factory System
Each performed only a small part of the entire job
Dozens/hundreds worked in same room with supervisors
Paid wages based on hours worked or amt. of goods produced

4. Lives of Factory Workers
SECTION 2
The Factory System
Lives of Factory Workers
Begin work at 5am until 7pm – often worked 14 hours/day – Six days per week
½ hour each for breakfast & dinner – pay? $2 per week
Must attend church
Breaking any rule meant heavy fines, pay cuts, or job loss
No sanitary facilities
No safety devices
No compensation if hurt
Rules To Be Observed, Haslingden Mill, 1851

5. Abuses The Factory System SECTION 2
Alexander Gray, a pump boy aged 10 years old. reported in 1842 Royal Commision into working conditions, said: "I pump out the water in the under bottom of the pit to keep the mens room 9coal face) dry. I am obliged to pump fast or the water would cover me. I had to run away a few weeks ago as the water came up so fast that Icould not pump at all. The water frequently covers my legs. I have been two years at the pump. I am paid 10d (old pence) a day. No holiday but the Sabbath (Sunday). I go down at three, sometimes five in the morning, and come up at six or seven at night.

6. SECTION 2
The Factory System

7. SECTION 2
The Factory System

8. SECTION 2
The Factory System
Girl pulling a coal tub in mine.

9. Social Impact in Europe
A. The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities.
Cities were the home to many industries. People moved from the country to the city to find work.
London’s population increased from 1 million in to 2.3 million in 1850.

10. B. Many inhabitants of these. rapidly growing cities lived in
B. Many inhabitants of these rapidly growing cities lived in miserable conditions.
The conditions caused urban social reformers to demand that the cities clean up the conditions.

11. SECTION 2
The Factory System
Lives in Workers’ Homes

12. SECTION 2
The Factory System

13. New Social Class Structure
SECTION 2
The Factory System
The Industrial Revolution brought about industrial capitalism, an economic system based on industrial production.
Changes in society ….
New Social Class Structure
Upper Class:
Very rich industrial & business families.  Old Noble class.
Upper Middle Class:
Business people & professionals such as, lawyers & doctors.
Lower Middle Class:
Other professionals such as, teachers, shop owners, and office workers.
Working Class:
Factory workers and small farmers.
New roles were defined for middle class men and women.  Middle class men went to work in business, while their wives worked from home and cared for the family.  The higher standard of living for the middle class meant that their children received some form of formal education.
The Victorian vision of British society as a pyramid, with royalty, the aristocracy, the Church, the arts and the professions on top, supported by industry, and with the workhouse at the bottom, was very familiar. Inherent within this vision, and enshrined in society was the idea that the rungs of the social ladder could be climbed only by hard work and integrity, an idea that was constantly explored by painters and writers. By this process the concept of industry achieved its own morality, with the word consciously achieving the dual meaning of hard work and industrialisation. A frequently used metaphor for the industrial process was the beehive, and many Victorian buildings featured bees, symbols both of hard work and the acceptance of the social order, in their decoration. George Cruikshank's well-known 1840 print, The British Bee Hive underlines this and at the same time throws a spotlight on British society's classified view of itself.

14. c. Industrial workers faced. horrible working conditions,
c. Industrial workers faced horrible working conditions, working 12-16hrs a day for
6 days a week.
There was no minimum wage.
The hot temperatures in the cotton mills were especially harmful.

15. D. The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as the minimum age to work.
Children from 9 to 13 could work only 8 hours a day; those between 13 and could work only 12 hours.
Women and children were paid half or less than men.