1. 英語閱讀策略教學 陳秋蘭 國立台灣師範大學英語系教授 clchern@ntnu.edu.tw July 17, 2010 clchern@ntnu.edu.tw

2. 閱讀的定義 Linguistic v.s. socio-cultural Learn to read v.s. Read to learn Reading and critical thinking

3. What do good readers do while reading? 1. Good readers are active readers. 2. Good readers have clear goals in mind for their reading. 3. Good readers look over the text before they read. 4. As they read, good readers frequently make predictions about the next part of the text. 5. Good readers read selectively. 6. Good readers construct, revise, and question the meanings they make.

4. 7.Good readers try to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and concepts in the text. 8. Good readers integrate their prior knowledge with material in the text. 9. Good readers think about the authors of the text. 10. Good readers monitor their understanding of the text. 11. Good readers evaluate the text’s quality and value and react to the text. 12. Good readers read different kinds of text differently.

5. 閱讀的歷程與教學流程 Bottom-up vs. Top-down Interactive v.s. Transactional Part-to-whole vs Whole-to-part Phonic Approaches vs Whole Language Approaches

6. 閱讀策略 Skimming/scanning Reciprocal Teaching Predicting Questioning Clarifying Summarizing Making connections Thinking aloud

7. Reciprocal Teaching

8. What is Reciprocal Teaching? instruction and the four comprehension strategies – predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing a special kind of cognitive apprenticeship

9. Four Roles Predictor Clarifier Questioner Summarizer

10. Predictor Predict what is likely to happen next based on clues from the text or illustrations Stop to predict during reading Use what they know (from text and prior knowledge) to help make a prediction Continue to make logical predictions based on clues from the text

11. The language of prediction that students use I think…because I’ll bet…because I wonder if…because I imagine…because I suppose…because

12. Clarifier Give strategies for clarifying words that are difficult to pronounce or understand Express confusion with specific portions of text, such as ideas or events, that are difficult to understand Tell strategies for clarifying ideas, and tell how clarifying helps them to understand text.

13. The language of clarification that students use ( Ⅰ ) I didn’t understand the part about…, so I.. I didn’t understand the part about…, so I … and… I can’t figure out…, so I

14. The language of clarification that students use ( Ⅱ ) So I… reread, reread, reread; read on for clues; checked the parts of the word I knew blended the sounds of the word reread the sentence to see if it made sense tried another word

15. Questioner Ask questions based on the text (that is, the answers are in the text) Ask questions that are based on the main idea or question of the story. Ask some detail-oriented questions, and Ask some inferential questions.

16. The language of questioning that students use who, what, when, where, why, how, what if.

17. Summarizer Give only key points in a short one- or two- sentence summary, Summarize in a logical order Reread to remember main ideas Refer to illustrations to retell or summarize the text. Retell the story in their own words and include the setting, characters, problem, key events, and resolution.

18. The language of summarizing that students use First,… Next,… Then,… Finally,… The most important ideas in this text are… The story takes place… The main characters are… A problem occurs when… A key event is when… This part is about… This book is about…

19. My Reading Journal Name of the Book: Author: Date: Chapter: Clarify I don’t understand the part about so I ___________________________________________________ Question Write down some questions for your friends to see if they have understood this chapter. _______________________________________________________ Summarize Retell this part of the story in your own words. First,___________________________________________________ Next,___________________________________________________ Then___________________________________________________ Finally,_________________________________________________ Predict I think/wonder if/imagine/suppose/predict ________________________because_________________________ Appreciate/Acquire I. The sentences/expressions I like are__________________________ II. The new words I have learned in this chapter are _______________

20. 閱讀教學示例 The Black River Another World

22. Summary of Black River Clint was rich but he was too snobbish. Mike was poorer than Clint and he wasn’t confident in himself. Both of them didn’t like each other. Happily Mike’s good friends, Wayne and Amy, were very positive, and they always gave him a lot of advice. Amy wanted Mike to write an article for the school newspaper and Wayne invited Mike to join the rowing team, but Mike wasn’t sure. After talking to his father, Mike decided to join the rowing team and practiced with Wayne on the Black River.

23. One day, it was still raining like the other days. The Black River was getting higher, and then Clint appeared with his new sports boat at a high speed! After a while, Clint fell into the river because of a tree floating in front of the boat. Finally, Clint was saved by Mike and Wayne. After the accident, Mike, Wayne and Clint became good friends! And Mike decided to be a writer! What a happy ending! By Alice

24. 2005/1/27 Dear Clint, You have a lot of friends, really. You can do something for your friends because they really help you a lot. And also be friendly to your friends. Don’t fight with Mike every time, then you will be a nice person. If you are really rich, you can not always show off to friends. It is a bad thing to do. Or you can use money to help Mike and Wayne buy new boat.

25. Help your friends when they need help, just like what Mike and Wayne do to you. It will let your friendship be better. And tell your friend Jeff “Don’t be rude to Mike!”. That’s all what I want to say. If you really listen to what I say, I think you will change. Wish you are happy every day and make more friends. Your friend, Benjamin

26. Character analysis/description I like Mike because he is the protagonist of the story and he is friendly and kind. He wants to be a writer but he doesn’t have any money and he has to help his father on the farm. He is devoted to his father. He has a good friend. His name is Wayne. He wants Mike to be on the rowing team. Mikes says no at first but Wayne cheers on Mike, so he joins the rowing team. By Chen K-T

27. I want to introduce Clint because I don’t like him. He is rich. He has twenty rooms, but he was arrogant. He liked to show off. I don’t like it. I think he is vicious and dangerous. By Cho Kuan Tin

28. I write about Clint Winston because he is a boy in “Black River.” He is very rich. He lives in a big house with his father. There are twenty rooms and a television in every room. However, he is not friendly. He always gives Mike some problems. When he sees Mike look sad in front of Amy, he is happy. He wants to be good when Amy is there. He is not a good person. By Yang Meng-fen