1. The Thirteen English Colonies
Chapter 4
The Thirteen English Colonies

2. New England Colonies
Section 1

3. Puritans
Puritans-religious group who had hoped to reform the Church of England
They left England because they:
-were persecuted.
-thought England had fallen on “evil and declining times.”
wanted to build a new society.

4. Who? Where? When? Why? Results?
John Winthrop and Puritans
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629
Escape persecution and build society based on biblical laws
Only stockholders could vote
Granted right to vote to male church members
Thomas Hooker
Connecticut
1636
He believed the MA Bay government had too much power
Wanted strict limits on government
All men who owned property could vote
Limited governor’s power
Roger Williams
Rhode Island
He challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave
Wanted a separation of church and government
Religious freedom
No state church
All white men could vote

5. Chapter 4 Key Terms-Due Wednesday
Religious tolerance
Proprietary colony
Royal colony
Indigo
Debtor
Slave code
Racism
Mercantilism
Export
Import
Legislature
bill of rights*
Indentured servant
Apprentice
Libel

6. Anne Hutchinson
Devout Puritan woman who led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to her
The MA General Court ordered her to leave.
History views her as a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.

7. Puritans and Native Americans
Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over NE.
Tensions with the Native Americans grew.
Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675.
Tribes united to drive out the English.

8. Puritans and Native Americans
The tribes destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers.
Within a year
Metacom was killed
His family was sold into slavery

9. Puritan Life On Sundays, all citizens were required to attend church.
Men, women, blacks, Indians, and children sat separately.
Town meetings were held for people to speak their minds.
Puritan laws were strict.
In 1692, 2o were executed for witchcraft.

10. Middle Colonies
Section 2

11. New York
The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. New Amsterdam became a thriving port.
To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners were called patroons.
People from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland because of its religious tolerance.

12. New York
Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony.
Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot.
The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.

13. New Jersey
The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily.
He gave up some land to friends who set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony.
In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which was a colony under the direct control of the English crown.

14. Pennsylvania
In England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. Quakers were against war.
Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas.
Penn believed the Quakers must leave England, so he turned to the king for help.

15. Pennsylvania
The king issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania.
Penn called for fair treatment of Native Americans.
Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries, including Germany. Other colonists called the Germans Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German.

16. Delaware
The land around the Delaware River was called the Pennsylvania Lower Counties.
William Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly because of their distance away from Philadelphia.
In 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware.

17. Southern Colonies
Section 3

18. Southern Colonies Why was Maryland important to Roman Catholics?
Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore as a place where Roman Catholics, and later Protestant Christians, could worship freely.

19. North Carolina How were the Carolinas and Georgia founded?
Poor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia.
Many lived on small farms.

20. South Carolina
Eight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement.
SC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave labor. (Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)

21. Georgia James Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over.
Slavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery.

22. Coastal plain, many rivers Rolling hills, thick forests
Land
Farms
Crops
Slavery
Tidewater Plantations
Backcountry
Coastal plain, many rivers
Rolling hills, thick forests
Large plantations
Small farms
Tobacco, rice, indigo
Tobacco, garden crops
Enslaved Africans tended Tidewater plantations
Few enslaved Africans worked backcountry farms

23. Middle Passage
Middle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies
On the Middle Passage slaves
Were crammed together and chained
Resisted, but few escaped
Died in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment

24. Roots of Self Government
Section 4

25. Regulating Trade Complete the statements
The theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade.
The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

26. Regulating Trade
The Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships.
On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.

27. Colonial Government
Most governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor.
Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.

28. Limits on Liberty
The right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land.
A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval.
Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.

29. Life in the Colonies
Section 5

30. Great Awakening
The Enlightenment was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.
False
The Enlightenment GREAT AWAKENING was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.

31. Great Awakening
Benjamin Franklin was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.
False
Benjamin Franklin JONATHAN EDWARDS was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.

32. The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.
Great Awakening
The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.
True

33. Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the s that emphasized the use of tyranny to guide society.
False
The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the s s that emphasized the use of tyranny REASON to guide society.

34. Enlightenment
Roger Williams was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies.
False
Roger Williams JOHN LOCKE was an English philosopher whose written works about people’s natural rights were widely read in the colonies.

35. The Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read.
True

36. People
Benjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him
John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press