2. a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent unit of measurement is Molarity (M) which is moles/liter can be dilute or concentrated

3. The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution Molarity = moles solute liters of solution

4. 1.0 L of water was used to make 1.0 L of solution. Notice the water left over. 1.0L of water would be too much.

5. top off to 1 liter

6. Step 1: Calculate moles of NiCl 2 6H 2 O in 5 g of NiCl 2 6H 2 O Step 2: Calculate Molarity 1.0 L = 1000 mL.25 L = 250 mL

7. Step 1: Change mL to L. 250 mL/1000 = 0.250 L Step 2: Calculate. moles = (0.0500 M) (0.250 L) = 0.0125 moles H 2 C 2 O 4 Step 3: Convert moles to grams. (0.0125 mol H 2 C 2 O 4 ) (90.00 g) = 1.13 g 1 mol H 2 C 2 O 4 1 mol H 2 C 2 O 4 M = moles/V  moles = MV What mass of oxalic acid, H 2 C 2 O 4, is required to make 250 mL of a 0.0500 M solution?

8. How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 400 mL of 3.0 M NaOH solution? 1)12 g 2)48 g 3) 300 g

9. diluting a solution reduces the number of moles of solute per unit volume, but the total number of moles of solute in the solution does not change therefore, as Volume increases, Molarity decreases Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution (V) becomes: M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

10. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

11. lead air

12. another way to quantitatively describe the concentration of a solution (two ways): the ratio of the volume of the solute to the volume of the solution % V = volume of solute / volume of solution x 100% 85 mL of ethanol diluted with water to a total solution volume of 250mL 85 mL/250 mL (100%) = 34% ethanol by volume the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution % M = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100% 56 g NaCl in a 2000 g NaCl solution 56g/2000g (100%) = 2.8% salt by mass