2. Manufacturing Systems

3. What is Manufacturing?  Manufacturing is the making of parts and putting the parts together to make a product.  Imagine your life without manufacturing  What would it be like?  We are all very dependent on manufacturing.

4. Manufacturing  The manufacturing industry is very important to our society.  It is important to our economy.  An economy is a system for producing and distributing products and services.  Many citizens work in the manufacturing industry help produce products. They buy products with the money they earn.

5. Manufacturing  The more products people buy, the more products are manufactured. This allows more people to work.  Look around the room. Think about all the manufactured products you see. How would you have to adjust to life without these products?

6. Value Added?  Manufacturing is important in another way.  A piece of material is worth more after it has been changed into a useful product.  That is called value added.  The value is increased by the manufacturing process.

7. The Development of Manufacturing  In early days, families made their own products to make their lives easier.  This type of production was known as the domestic production system.  Any surplus (extra) was bartered (traded) for other supplies the family could not afford to buy.  What could some of these items be?

8. The Development of Manufacturing  During the Cottage Industry Period, families began to specialize.  What do you think this means?

9. The Development of Manufacturing  During the Cottage Industry, families were actually making goods to sell.  Commercial manufacturing had begun.  These families were not just making their own thins and selling the rest.  Products were still handmade.

10. The Development of Manufacturing  The factory system came into being in the 1800’s.  Machines were being developed.  Factories were introduced as places for manufacturing to continue to develop.  These changes were being made to manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution.

11. Industrial Revolution  The Industrial Revolution refers to a time when great changes in society and the economy were caused by the switch from products being made by hand at home to products being made by machines in factories.  Working conditions were very poor during this time.

12. The Development of Manufacturing  Today manufacturing is still done in factories.  How are modern manufacturing facilities safer and more efficient than old time factories?  How does the safety aspect in manufacturing effect worker morale and productivity?

13. Types of Modern Production  There are three basic types of modern production systems:  Custom  Job Lot  Continuous  The type of production system chosen depends on the kind of product to be made and the number or amount to be produced.

14. Custom Production  In custom production, products are made one at a time according to the customer’s specifications.  Each product is different.  This type of production is usually the most expensive per number of parts made.

15. Job Lot Production  In job lot production, a certain quantity of a product, called a lot, is made.  A job is producing one lot.  Many seasonal items, such as lawn mowers and snow blowers are manufactured this way.  Per part, this type of production is less expensive than custom production. The cost can be spread over more products.

16. Continuous Production  Continuous production is the system used for mass producing products.  This means a large quantity of the same product is made in one steady process using an assembly line.  Continuous production is the most economical type of manufacturing system.

17. Assembly Line Production  In an assembly line, the product moves from one work station to the next while parts are added.  This type of production is also called line production or mass production.  An assembly line is set up an the products are continuously produced.

18. Who Does Manufacturing?  Anyone can Manufacture.  Can you think of ways you might manufacture something using each type of production system?

19. What is a Company?  A company is an organization formed by a group of people for the purpose of doing business.  Large companies sometimes manufacture many different items. For instance, General Motors manufactures over 50 different types of cars and trucks.

20. Companies  Sometimes large companies own smaller companies that manufacture different products. The smaller companies are called subsidiaries.  They are like separate companies but are controlled by the same parent company.

21. Manufacturing Systems  A technological system is needed to efficiently produce manufactured goods.  This system has:  Inputs  Processes  Outputs  Feedback

22. Inputs  Input includes anything that is put into the system. The seven inputs in manufacturing are:  People  Materials  Tools and Machines  Energy  Capital  Information  Time

23. Processes  Processes are all the activities that need to take place to make the product.  There are two kinds of processes:  Management – People who make decisions for the company.  Production – People who physically help produce the product. They change the raw materials into a product.

24. Output  The result of inputs and processes is called output.  One output is the manufactured product.  Other outputs, such as waste and pollution, may not be expected, and they are certainly not wanted.

25. Impacts of Manufacturing  The outputs of a system affect us and our world.  The outputs of a system have become so numerous and widely used that they have an impact on nearly every aspect of our lives.

26. Impacts of Manufacturing  They affect our economy.  They affect our society.  They affect our politics.  They affect our environment.

27. In Summary  Manufacturing is a system that produces products for our use.  It uses inputs to create the desired outputs.  The system is organized to change the form of materials, using material processing and management technologies.

28. In Summary  The activities within the system are controlled by company and society goals.  If successful, manufacturing will provide goods at a fair price without harming the environment.  The owners of the company should earn a profit.