1. Volcanoes and mountains

2. Landform changes Landforms on Earth can be created or changed by volcanic eruptions and mountain building forces

3. Volcanic Eruptions Are constructive in that they add new rock to existing land and form new islands Can be destructive when an eruption is explosive and changes the landscape around the volcano

4. Magma from the mantle rises to Earth’s surface and flow out an opening called a vent Lava--Magma that reaches Earth’s surface Volcano-the vent as well as the mountain around it from cooled lava, ash, cinders and rock Volcano formation—occur along plate boundaries—common along the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean

5. Mountain building forces Forces or stresses that cause rocks to break or move are: Tension-forces that pull rocks apart Compression—forces that push or squeeze rocks together Shearing—forces that cause rocks on either side of faults to push in opposite directions

6. Tension and compression stress rocks and cause them to bend and stretch This produces mountain ranges If pressure is applied slowly folded mountains form

7. If stress is great enough to cause rocks to breaks, faults are formed 3 types: Normal fault—caused by tension forces Reverse fault—caused by compression forces Strike slip fault—caused by shearing forces

8. Fault block mountains—formed when a normal fault uplifts a block of rock