1. Volcanoes and Plutons

2. Process that forma Magma
Increasing Temperature
Decreasing Pressure
Addition of Water

4. Environments of Magma Formation
Spreading Center
Mantle Plume
Subduction Zone

5. Mantle Plume: Hot Spots
Hawaii Island animation
Iris Hot Spot

6. Subduction Zone

7. Basalt and Granite Asthenosphere is “PERIDOTITE”
PERIDOTITE =“OLIVINE+PYROXENE+ Ca-Feldspar”
Olivine 1,890°C, Pyroxene1,390°C,
Calcium Feldspar  1,550°C
Peridotite  1,270°C
the product of the first melt Rich In Silica
Partial Melting: A small amount of original peridotite melts to form basaltic magma

8. Plutons
When a large granitic magma solidifies with in Earth’s crust to form a large mass of Granite called a pluton

12. Types of Lava
Pahoehoe Low Viscosity, as it cools stiffens forming smooth, glassy surfaced, wrinkled or ropy ridges
Aa  higher viscosity surface partially solidify as it flows
Pillow lavas is a lava structure that typically when lava is emerged from an underwater volcanic vent.
Pyroclastic rock  rock fragments
Volcanic Ash

13. Volcanoes
When lava is too viscous to spread out as a flood it builds a hill or mountain call Volcano

14. Shield Volcanoes Basaltic Magma Gentle sloping mountain
at angles 6° to 12°

16. Cinder Cones Small volcano composed of Pyroclastic fragments
Large amount of gas accumulates in rising magma

17. Composite Volcanoes Stratovolcano
form by longs periods of time by alternating lava flows and pyroclastic material

18. Calderas

19. Volcanic Eruptions and Global Climate