1. IMMUNE SYSTEM
Chapter 21

2. COMPONENTS

3. INNATE IMMUNITY

4. Innate Defenses
Surface Barriers
Skin
Mucous membranes

5. Innate Defenses Chemical Barriers Mucus Lysozymes High acidity Sebum
Saliva
Lacrimal fluid
High acidity
Gastric juices
Urine
Vaginal secretions
Sebum

6. Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytic cells
Macrophages or Monocytes
Free (alveolar)
Fixed (Kupffer)
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells

7. Phagocytic Mobilization
Alarm call
Vasodilation
Increased permeability
Leukocytosis
Margination
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis

8. Phagocytic Mechanism Adherence Ingestion Digestion Resolution
Phagosome
Digestion
Lysosome
Phagolysosome
Resolution

9. Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytes Inflammatory Cells
Mast Cells
Basophils
Eosinophils?
Natural Killer Cells

10. Chemical Defenses

11. Inflammatory Response

12. Anti-microbial Agents
Interferons

13. Anti-microbial Agents
Interferons
Complement
Pyrogens

14. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

15. Adaptive Immunity
Specific
Systemic
Memory

16. Adaptive Defenses Antigens = “self” versus “non-self”
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
MHC I
MHC II

17. Adaptive Defenses

18. Adaptive Defenses

19. Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Also known as “humoral immunity”
Involves B lymphocytes
DIRECTLY recognizes antigen
B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion

20. Clonal Expansion of B Cells

21. Primary and Secondary Humoral Responses

22. Antibody Structure

23. Antibody Types

24. Antibody Types

25. Antibody Function

26. Active and Passive Humoral Immunity

27. Cell-Mediated Immunity
Involves T lymphocytes
Cannot recognize antigen directly
Antigen must be presented by APC
T lymphocytes are more diverse:
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Suppressor T cells
Memory T cells

28. T-Cell Education

29. Cell-Mediated Immunity

30. Stimulation of TC cells

31. Cell-Mediated Immunity

32. Stimulation of TH cells

33. Co-Stimulation

34. Function of TC cells

35. Function of TC cells

36. Clonal Expansion of T Cells

38. Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity

39. Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity

40. Homeostatic Imbalances
Organ transplant and tissue rejection
Autograft
Isograft
Allograft
Xenograft
Immunodeficiency
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID)
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

41. Homeostatic Imbalances
Autoimmune diseases
Multiple sclerosis
Grave’s disease
Type I diabetes
Systemic lupus
Myasthenia gravis
Glomerulonephritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

42. Homeostatic Imbalances
Hypersensitivities
Immediate (Type I)
Subacute
Cytotoxic (Types II)
Immune-complex (Type III)
Delayed (Type IV)

43. END CHAPTER 21