1. -process of DNA making copies -role of enzymes in copying DNA
12.2 Replication of DNA
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
-process of DNA making copies
-role of enzymes in copying DNA
-leading and lagging strands in DNA replication

2. READING Q’s 1-LIST: -the 3 phases of semi-conservative replication
1-unwinding/unzipping
2-base pairing
3-joining

3. 3-VOC: -enzyme protein/catalyst—allows reactions to occur
READING Q’s
3-VOC:
-enzyme
protein/catalyst—allows reactions to occur

4. READING Q’s 4-IDENTIFY:
-Circle the names of the 4 enzymes involved in the process of semi-conservative replication.

5. READING Q’s
5-COMPARE
-Name one difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and prokaryotic DNA replication.
prokaryotic DNA:
-circular
-opens at single place in circle
-replication occurs in both directions

6. BACKGROUND INFO

7. GROUP WORK: GUIDED NOTES
-As a cooperative group:
-complete the guided note sheet
-using your knowledge from the reading

8. VOCABULARY REVIEW: template -pattern used to make copies
-in DNA is a pattern for replicating a new DNA molecule
replicate
-to copy

9. VOCABULARY IDENTIFY: terms that fit definitions:
1-___________ -unwinds in multiple areas as DNA is replicated
2-___________ -DNA of prokaryotes
3-___________________
-parental strands separate/serve as templates for new strands of DNA
4-______________________
-keeps the strands of DNA separate during replication
5-__________ -unwinds the double helix
6-__________
-elongates as DNA unwinds and is replicated continuously
Eukaryotic DNA
Circular DNA
Semiconservative replication
Single stranded binding proteins
DNA helicase
Leading strand

10. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
DESCRIBE: SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
-DNA unwinds/unzips
-single strands serves as a template to make new “complimentary” strands
-2 new identical strands
1 original-parental strand
1 complementary-new strand

11. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
MODEL:
Parental strands during REPLICATION
-H-bonds ”unzip”
-separate strands to serve as templates
New DNA molecule is composed of
-1 original parental strand
-1 new complementary strand

12. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
SEQUENCE AND MODEL: steps in DNA replication
2-BASE PAIRING:
-“free floating” nucleotides attach to unzipped template A=T / C=G
DNADNA
1-”UNWIND”: -parental DNA “unzip”
-separates into 2 strands
4-NEW DNA
-2 new DNA molecules each w/:
-1 original strand
-1 new strand
3-JOINING: nucleotides connected where there are spaces

13. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
ANALYZE how a DNA molecule acts like a template
-complimentary bases match up to N-bases on original strand
-2 new molecules identical to original parental DNA

14. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
INDICATE the sequence of the replicated strand if the template strand has the sequence----
5’ A T G G G C G T T A 3’
3’ T A C C C G C A A T 5’

15. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
DRAW a diagram showing the difference in the way the leading and lagging strands are synthesized

16. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
LABEL the diagram showing DNA replication—
DNA polymerase
parental DNA
leading strand
Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase

17. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
EXPLAIN what Okazaki fragments are--
-small sections added to lagging strand--discontinuous
DESCRIBE how Okazaki fragments are joined—
-DNA ligase links ends together

18. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
COMPLETE the table on role of proteins in replication
PROTEIN
STAGE OF DNA REPLICATION
ACTIVITY
DNA HELICASE
DNA LIGASE
DNA POLYMERASE
DNA PRIMASE
SINGLE STRANDED BINDING PROTEIN
-unwinding
-unwinds/unzips DNA
-joining
-links DNA sections
-base pairing
-joining
-adds new bases
-removes RNA primer
-adds RNA primer to new strands
-unwinding
-keeps strands separate during replication
-unwinding
-base pairing

19. DNA REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTES
Number origins for DNA replication
Where replication takes place
many
one
nucleus
cytoplasm

20. PROKARYOTIC REPLICATION

21. SUMMARIZE BONDS in DNA
TYPE BOND
HOW FORMED
STRENGTH
HOW USED
IONIC
COVALENT
HYDROGEN
+ / – charges attracted
STRONG BOND
DNA attached to histones
2 atoms share electrons
STRONGEST BOND
sugar, phosphates, N-bases bonded
weak attraction btwn +/- dipole molecules
Bonds between N-bases
WEAK BOND

22. SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
ANALYZE how the activity DNA polymerase is consistent w/ Watson and Crick’s model of semiconservative replication
-W & C predicted DNA replication is semiconservative — parental strand serve as templates for daughter strands
REPLICATION—