1. By: Kiley Hajek Mrs. Venesky Pd. 3

2. Endangered Species…
Definition: A species whose population is so small that it is at risk of becoming extinct
5 Most Common Reasons for Endangerment:
Habitat loss
Pollution
Over Exploitation
Climate Change
Disease

3. Endangered Species… Prevent Endangerment by:
Learning more about the Species
Being aware of possible environmental problems
Creating Conservation groups or clubs

4. Endangered Animals…in PA
Indiana Bat
Scientific Name: Myotis Sodalis
Reasons that Endangered: Cave Commercialism and Improper Gating, Loss of Habitat, Insect pesticides, Environmental Contaminates

5. Endangered Animals…in PA
Piping Plover
Scientific Name: Charadrius melodus
Reason that Endangered: Loss of Habitat by Commercialism of Beaches, Dams flooding nesting areas and making them too dry, Sensitivity to humans causes them to abandon their nests, eggs being crushed by humans, animals preying on the eggs

6. Endangered Animals…in PA
Bog Turtle
Scientific Name: Glyptemys muhlenbergii
Reasons that Endangered: Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation due to
development, encroachment of invasive exotic plant species

7. Endangered Plant Species…in PA
Northeastern bulrush
Scientific Name: Scirpus ancistrochaetus
Reasons that Endangered: filling and ditching in it’s wetland habitats

8. Endangered Plant Species…in PA
Small-whorled pogonia
Scientific Name: Isotria Medeoloides
Reasons that Endangered: collecting habitat and alteration, only 3 populations in PA

9. Definitions
Native: Species that has been in an area for a long time Introduced: Species which is brought into a new area Invasive: A species whose introduction causes environmental harm

10. 5 most common ways invasive species come into the U.S. :
foreign ballast water
hidden in wood packing material
hidden in other vegetation via the nursery trade
hidden aboard ships
hitchhiking on other species

11. Negative effects on the environment:
Increased Competition and Predation
Disease
Habitat Destruction
Genetic Stock Altercation

12. in PA Wild Boar Scientific Name: Sus scrofa Linnaeus Origin: Eurasia
Niche in Natural Environment: Scavenger and Nuisance
Niche in Introduced Environment: Scavenger and Nuisance
Problems they cause: Damage Native plants and animals

13. in PA Mexican Fruit Fly Scientific Name: Anastrepha ludens
Origin: Mexico and Central America
Niche in Native Environment: Eat fruit, part of food chain
Niche in Introduced Environment: Eat fruit, part of food chain
Problems they cause: Larvae attack Fruit of Economic Value

14. in PA Cane Toad Scientific Name: Rhinella marina Origin: South America
Niche in Native Environment: Insect control, scavengers
Niche in Introduced Environment: Insect control, scavengers, nuisance
Problems they cause: Preys on and competes with native species; poisonous to pets

15. in PA Chocolate vine Scientific Name: Akebia quinata
Origin: Central China, Korea, Japan
Niche in Native Environment: Nuisance, part of food chain
Niche in Introduced Environment: Nuisance, part of food chain, invades under-story plant growth
Problems it causes: Outgrow, choke, and displace native plants; monopolize nutrients, water, light, and space

16. in PA Amur maple Scientific Name: Acer ginnala
Origin: Russian Federation, Mongolia, China, Japan, Korea
Niche in Native Environment: provides shade, shelter, and beauty
Niche in Introduced Environment: Displaces native shrubs and under-story trees, provides shade, shelter, and beauty
Problems it causes: out-competes native flowers, prevents surrounding plants from growing, displaces native plant species

17. Definitions
Reintroduced Species: a species that is reinstated into an area in which it was established before but became extinct Extirpated Species: a species that becomes extinct from a particular area

18. Elk
At one time, elk were extinct in North America. In elk were introduced to Pennsylvania and several other states. In 1999 a relocation program released more elk in Pennsylvania.

19. http://www.fws.gov http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program
National Invasive Species Information Center
intranet.iucn.org
IUCN/SSC Guidelines for Re-Introductions
National Geographic Kids