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 Biota- all of the living parts of the biosphere  Hydrosphere- all of the water in its various forms in the biosphere  Atmosphere- the air surround.

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Presentation on theme: " Biota- all of the living parts of the biosphere  Hydrosphere- all of the water in its various forms in the biosphere  Atmosphere- the air surround."— Presentation transcript:

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2  Biota- all of the living parts of the biosphere  Hydrosphere- all of the water in its various forms in the biosphere  Atmosphere- the air surround Earth’s surface  Geosphere- Earth’s surface and below

3  Year-to-year weather condition for a particular area  Temperature and Precipitation  Day-to-day conditions are called weather  Microclimate- small area with a different climate than the areas surrounding it ex: cave  Three Main Climate Regions (controlled by latitude)  Polar  Temperate  Tropic

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5  Latitude  Location on landmass (on coast or inland)  Proximity to land features like mountain ranges

6  Groups of ecosystems with similar climates and similar communities  Tolerance- range of conditions that plants and animals can survive

7  Terrestrial  Tundra Tundra  Taiga Taiga  Deciduous Forest Deciduous Forest  Aquatic  Ocean Ocean  Estuaries Estuaries  Wetlands Wetlands  Marsh  Swamp  Bogs Rainforest Grassland Desert Savannah Freshwater –Ponds –Lakes –Streams –Rivers

8 Cold Very short summers Low Biodiversity Permafrost- only top layers of soil thaw in summer

9 Evergreen forests

10 Very dry Organisms adapted for water conservation

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13 Very high biodiversity

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16 Important nursery (spawning) ground for many marine species Important food source of fish for humans

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19  Study of the size of human populations  Human Carrying capacity  Number is increasing with new technologies and medicines  Cannot increase forever

20  Human population used to be low and relatively stable  Limited by resources and disease  Past 500 years  Exponential growth  Occasional dips such as Middle Ages with Bubonic Plague

21  Non-renewable- cannot be remade (or only can be remade over a very long time period)  Renewable- can be remade

22  Amount of land needed per person to support their resource needs

23  Habitat Loss  Deforestation  Habitat Fragmentation  Pollution  Introduction of Invasive species  Other Human Activities

24  All or part of habitat is destroyed  Organism move or die  Decreases biodiversity in the area  Deforestation (removal of forests) is an example

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26  Smaller area usually hold less individuals and less species (less types of habitat in them)  A fragmented area = decrease in biodiversity

27  Water  Chemicals, Trash, Temperatures, Noise  Land  Chemicals, Trash  Air  Chemicals and Noise

28  Give clues to the health of the ecosystem  Very susceptible to pollution  Example: frogs in aquatic ecosystems  Skin is water-permeable so toxins have direct access

29 Normal pH of Rain 5.6

30  Responsible for creating temperatures on Earth that can sustain life  Trap the sun’s heat through atmospheric gases like CO 2  CO2 levels cycled in the past due to natural climate cycles  Rising levels of CO 2 have created a greater greenhouse effect producing global warming

31  Caused by interaction of particles from fossil fuels and sunlight

32 Increase of UV radiation as ozone is lost

33  Chemical pollutant becomes more concentrated as it moves up the trophic levels within a food chain or web  Very dangerous for top level predators

34  Also called non-native species  Introduced to new habitat  Often grows without check because of lack of natural predators or disease in the area  Outcompetes other native species for resources

35  Populations are depleted because of humans  Overhunting or overfishing  Over-collection  Otherwise renewable resources can become nonrenewable as population levels go down

36  Population Levels Decrease due to  Habitat Loss  Loss of Resources (through pollution or resource being removed/damaged)  Illness/Death (from pollution or lack or resources)  Other Human Activities  As population levels decrease, genetic diversity goes down  Populations cannot adapt or respond to changes in their environment  Becomes unhealthy and more likely to become extinct

37  As numbers decline, organisms fall into these categories  Threatened  Many elephant species  Polar bear  Endangered  Giant Panda  Many Marine Mammals  Extinct  Dodo  Passenger Pigeon

38  As species are lost in an ecosystem, the ecosystem becomes less stable  The loss of one species affects other species as well

39  Using renewable resources in sustainable ways (sustainable development)  Protecting threatened and endangered species  Reintroduction programs  Conserving resources for their use  Minimizing pollution  Minimizing habit loss/habitat fragmentation  Lowering ecological footprint  Bridges between habitat fragments  Protection against introduction of invasive species  Controlling invasive species already introduced  Removal  Introduction of a predator  Keeping/increasing biodiversity in an area


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