2. Climate and Weather Climate - long- term average of weather conditions— wind, temperature, precipitation, moisture, and other aspects of weather. 3 3

3. Climate and Weather Latitude is the primary factor that determines climate at a given location. The amount of radiation received from the Sun and the prevailing circulation features depend on latitude. 3 3

4. Ocean and Land Influence Areas with little direct ocean influence are called continental climates and have steep temperature gradients. A climate with strong ocean influence is called a maritime climate. 3 3

5. Ocean and Land Influence Wind and pressure patterns determine precipitation. 3 3

6. Ocean and Land Influence INFLUENCE OF MOUNTAINS Mountains act as barriers in the wind, blocking weather systems and altering patterns of precipitation. When the wind blows perpendicular to one side of a mountain range, a lee rain shadow forms on the opposite side. 3 3

7. Ocean and Land Influence INFLUENCE OF WATER A sea breeze blows from the water toward the land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water. Warm air rises over the land creating low pressure that allows cool, dense air to blow from the sea toward land. The reverse happens at night. 3 3