1. LESSON17 JOSEPH C. BLUMENTHAL Subordination by Adjective Clauses

2. The adjective clause is useful in combing sentences when one sentence states an explanatory fact about a noun or pronoun in the previous sentence. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. The second sentence states and explanatory fact about the noun ______ in the first sentence.

3. The adjective clause is useful in combing sentences when one sentence states an explanatory fact about a noun or pronoun in the previous sentence. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. The second sentence states and explanatory fact about the noun yearbook in the first sentence.

4. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as the noun yearbook in the first sentence? ___

5. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as the noun yearbook in the first sentence? _it_

6. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun ____ in place of It. which

7. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. which To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun which in place of It. which

8. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. The clause which sells for one dollar should be inserted in the sentence right after the noun (yearbook, June), which it modifies. which

9. Our yearbook comes out in June. It sells for one dollar. yearbook The clause which sells for one dollar should be inserted in the sentence right after the noun (yearbook, June), which it modifies. which

10. a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. b. Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for one dollar. In which sentence is the adjective clause properly placed? (a, b)

11. a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. b. Our yearbook comes out in June, which sells for one dollar. a In which sentence is the adjective clause properly placed? (a, b)

12. a. Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. One sentence is compound; the other is complex. The sentence that is complex because it contains a subordinate clause is (a, b).

13. a. Our yearbook comes out in June and sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, which sells for one dollar. One sentence is compound; the other is complex. The sentence that is complex because it contains a subordinate clause is (a, b).

14. a. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence.

15. a. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence.

16. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar. By using a compound sentence we give (equal, unequal) emphasis to the two facts that the conjunction and connects.

17. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar. By using a compound sentence we give (equal, unequal) emphasis to the two facts that the conjunction and connects.

18. You have learned that to subordinate a fact or an idea means to put it into a word group that is (more, less) than a sentence.

20. The word group that subordinates the fact about price is the (clause, sentence). Both word groups state a fact about price. a. It sells for one dollar. b. which sells for one dollar

21. clause The word group that subordinates the fact about price is the (clause, sentence). Both word groups state a fact about price. a. It sells for one dollar. b. which sells for one dollar

22. In which sentence is the price of the yearbook subordinated? (a, b) a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. b. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.

23. a In which sentence is the price of the yearbook subordinated? (a, b) a. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. b. Our yearbook comes out in June, and it sells for one dollar.

24. A fact or idea gets less emphasis when we put it in a (sentence, clause). To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an article from the front of a showcase and putting it in the back, where it is less conspicuous.

25. clause A fact or idea gets less emphasis when we put it in a (sentence, clause). To subordinate a fact or idea is like taking an article from the front of a showcase and putting it in the back, where it is less conspicuous.

26. This complex sentence states two facts: one about price and another about time of issue. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. This sentence gives greater emphasis to the fact about (price, time issue).

27. This complex sentence states two facts: one about price and another about time of issue. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. price This sentence gives greater emphasis to the fact about (price, time issue).

28. a. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. One sentence emphasizes the price; the other, the time of issue. Which emphasizes the time of issue? (a, b)

29. a. Our yearbook, which comes out in June, sells for one dollar. b. Our yearbook, which sells for one dollar, comes out in June. b One sentence emphasizes the price; the other, the time of issue. Which emphasizes the time of issue? (a, b)

30. The type of sentence we use depends on the emphasis we wish to give various facts or ideas. If we wish to give facts equal emphasis, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

31. The type of sentence we use depends on the emphasis we wish to give various facts or ideas. compound If we wish to give facts equal emphasis, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

32. If we wish to subordinate one idea to another, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

33. complex If we wish to subordinate one idea to another, we would use a (compound, complex) sentence.

34. The italicized sentence provides information about the noun _____ in the first sentence. Now let’s look more closely into the process of subordinating an idea by changing it to an adjective clause. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them.

35. notices The italicized sentence provides information about the noun notices in the first sentence. Now let’s look more closely into the process of subordinating an idea by changing it to an adjective clause. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them.

36. Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as notices in the first sentence? ____ Tony read some notices. Few students heard them.

37. them Which word in the italicized sentence means the same thing as notices in the first sentence? them Tony read some notices. Few students heard them.

38. To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun ____ in place of them. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them. which

39. which To change the italicized sentence to an adjective clause, we put the relative pronoun which in place of them. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them. which

40. Since a relative pronoun usually starts an adjective clause, we move which to the front of the clause, before the word ___. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them. Tony read some notices, which few students heard. which

41. few Since a relative pronoun usually starts an adjective clause, we move which to the front of the clause, before the word few. Tony read some notices. Few students heard them. Tony read some notices, which few students heard. which

42. The adjective clause is in its proper position right after the word _____, which it modifies. Tony read some notices, which few students heard.

43. notices The adjective clause is in its proper position right after the word notices, which it modifies. Tony read some notices, which few students heard.

44. Which clause signal should you put in place of them in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: which whose whom who Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. The pronoun them is the object of the preposition with.

45. Which clause signal should you put in place of them in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: which whose whom who Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. The pronoun them is the object of the preposition with.

46. We chose whom rather than who because it is the object of the preposition ___. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. whom

47. We chose whom rather than who because it is the object of the preposition with. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. whom

48. After we move with whom to the front of the clause, we should insert it in the sentence after the word (friends, football), which it modifies. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. whom

49. friends After we move with whom to the front of the clause, we should insert it in the sentence after the word (friends, football), which it modifies. Several of Don’s friends play college football. He went to high school with them. whom

50. In which sentence is the clause properly placed? (a, b) a. Several of Don’s friends play college football with whom he went to high school. b. Several of Don’s friends with whom he went to high school play college football.

51. In which sentence is the clause properly placed? b (a, b) a. Several of Don’s friends play college football with whom he went to high school. b. Several of Don’s friends with whom he went to high school play college football.

52. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the lowest. Which clause signal should you put in place of its in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: which whose whom who

53. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the lowest. Which clause signal should you put in place of its in changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: which whose whom who

54. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the lowest. In which sentence is the clause properly placed? (a, b) whose a. A local firm whose bid was the lowest got the order. b. A local firm got the order whose bid was the lowest.

55. A local firm got the order. Its bid was the lowest. In which sentence is the clause properly placed? a (a, b) whose a. A local firm whose bid was the lowest got the order. b. A local firm got the order whose bid was the lowest.

56. A local firm whose bid was the lowest got the order. adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun ___, which it modifies. The adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun ___, which it modifies.

57. A local firm whose bid was the lowest got the order. adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun firm, which it modifies. The adjective clause is properly placed because it comes after the noun firm, which it modifies.

58. We can often strengthen a weak compound sentence by changing one of the statements to an adjective clause. The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence. We have a neighbor, and she has her own private plane. We have a neighbor who has her own private plane.

59. We can often strengthen a weak compound sentence by changing one of the statements to an adjective clause. complex The two facts are brought into closer relationship by the (compound, complex) sentence. We have a neighbor, and she has her own private plane. We have a neighbor who has her own private plane.

60. Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.

61. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 1. We parked next to a fireplug, and nobody had noticed it.

62. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 2. Bill Cosby planned the puppet show, and he is very fond of children. (Be sure to put the clause after the word it modifies.)

63. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 3. Mrs. Won owned a beagle, and she was very much attached to it. (Try to which.)

64. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 4. I have a friend, and her mother is a judge.

65. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 5. Some friends arrived suddenly, and we were not expecting them. (Be sure to put the clause after the word it modifies.)

66. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 6. The teacher asked a question, and nobody could answer it.

67. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 7. Someone made a rude remark, and there was no excuse for it. (Try for which.)

68. In this and the following frames, convert each compound sentence into a complex sentence by changing the italicized sentence to an adjective clause: 8. My sister works for Dr. Mack, and his office is downtown.

69. a. The woman who owns the lot lives across the street. b. The woman who lives across the street owns the lot. 9. Which of the above sentences emphasizes where the woman lives—a or b?

70. Ron’s mother, who bandaged my arm, is a doctor. 10. Rewrite this sentence so as to emphasize the fact that Ron’s mother bandaged my arm and to subordinate the fact that she is a doctor.

71. You are done!!!