1. Developmental Influences
Freud believes that early childhood influences determined the adult personality.
Parental behaviour is crucial to normal development
Personality and mental health problems in adulthood can usually be traced back to the first five years.

2. Psychosexual Development
People – including children – are basically hedonistic – they are driven to seek pleasure by gratifying the Id’s desires.
Sources of pleasure are determined by the location of the libido (life-force).
As a child moves through different developmental stages, location of libido and hence sources of pleasure change.

3. Psychosexual Stages Oral Anal Phallic Latent Genital
The mouth – sucking, swallowing etc.
EGO develops
Anal
The anus – withholding or expelling faeces
Phallic
The penis or clitoris - masturbation
SUPEREGO develops
Latent
Little or no sexual motivation present
Genital
The penis or vagina – sexual intercourse

4. Fixation Oral Anal Phallic www.psychlotron.org.uk Forceful feeding
Deprivation
Early weaning
Oral activities (e.g. smoking), dependency, aggression.
Oral
Toilet training:
Too harsh
Too lax
Obsessiveness, tidiness, mean-ness; untidiness, generosity
Anal
Abnormal family set-up leading to unusual relationship with mother/father
Vanity, self-obsession, sexual anxiety , inadequacy, inferiority, envy
Phallic