1. Ch. 23.4 – Bush 41

2. George H.W. Bush  Youngest WWII pilot (illegally)  Ambassador to the UN under Nixon  Director of the CIA  VP under Reagan  Background perfect for international problems he would face…

3. 1988 Election

4. Creating a “New World Order”  Bush felt that this was a singular moment to help shape the next century  Ending the Cold War  S. America and the Drug War  China  South Africa  Yugoslavia  War in the Persian Gulf

5. 1989  George HW Bush (Daddy) – continued Reagan’s plan  Meanwhile in Poland: Solidarity and Lech Walesa  In wake of Gorbachev renouncing Brezhnev Backed by Pope John Paul II (assassination attempt because of threat) Berlin Wall falls 9 November 1989

6. Other States Begin to Fall…  Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (Velvet Revolution and Vaclav Havel), Romania (Ceausescu)  Freedom

7. Christmas 1991  August 1991 – hardliners seize power and Gorbachev  Boris Yeltsin (President of Russian Republic) leads people to freedom  USSR bans communism 25 December 1991

8. The Cold War is Over

9. Part II of Reagan’s Foreign Policy  Led US and world into post- Cold War times  Importantly, didn’t flaunt victory over Soviets  Pushes US towards internationalism  Signs major arms reduction treaty with Boris Yeltsin

10. US as the Soul World Power  Capitalist Democracy seen as the only way  Monarchy, fascism, and communism dead Theocracy and New Nationalism are sleeping giants

11. Democratic Victories  Peace treaties signed in wars in Nicaragua and El Salvador  Costa Rican leader Oscar Arias negotiated  Dictator Augusto Pinochet in Chile gives up power to people Accused of mass-murder, torture, kidnapping, illegal detention… torture

12. Starts and Stops  South Africa – system of Apartheid comes down  Tutu, Mandela, and Bush push for rights  China – 4 June 1989  Tiananmen Square Massacre

13. Other Post-Cold War Hot Spots  Yugoslavia – Post – 1991 country disintegrates into factionalism  Didn’t react strongly (fears of Vietnam)  Somalia – Operation Restore Hope gets food to civilians trapped between warlords

14. Foreign Policy / Domestics Collide  The War on Drugs  Bush targets source Gets Columbian drug money guy Eduardo Romero December 1989 – US invades Panama, arrests dictator/cartel leader Manuel Noriega

15. Operation Desert Storm  President H.W. Bush leads a UN coalition to expel Saddam from Kuwait  The war lasts about five days and is a complete US victory

16. Difficult Domestic Front  Foreign Policy focus – seems indifferent to US problems  1,000 Points of Light Strategy (charity, not federal)  AIDs was on the rise (250,000 by 1994)  Bush greatly increases research funding  “No New Taxes” pledge  Short recession kills Bush after S & L Bailout pushes up deficits