1. A technique used to determine the genetic traits of a baby before it is born AMNIOCENTESIS

6. Klinefelter Syndrome Have male genitalia and internal ducts, but underdeveloped testes Do not produce sperm Slight enlargement of the breasts 47,XXY 1 out of every 500 male births

7. Turner Syndrome Has female external genitalia Underdeveloped ovaries Short (under 5 feed) Webbed Neck Broad, Shield-like chest 45,X 1 out of every 3000 female births

8. Cri-du-Chat Syndrome Partial monosomy (part of 1 chromosome is lost) Loss of about 1/3 of the short arm of chromosome 5 Anatomical malfomrations (gastrointestinal and cardiac complications) Mentally retarded Abnormal development of the larynx which makes the baby’s cry sound like a cat’s cry 1 in 50,000 live births

9. Down Syndrome BKA trisomy 21 (47, 21+); 3 copies of the 21 st chromosome Short Small round heads Protruding, furrowed tongues which cause mouth to remain partially open Retarded (IQ below 70) Shortened life expectancy (<50) Prone to reparatory disease and heart malformations Have 15x higher chance of getting leukemia Chance of having a baby with Down syndrome goes up as the mother gets older