1. New Evidence on Energy Education Effectiveness Jackie Berger 2008 ACI Home Performance Conference April 8, 2008

3. Presentation Outline Description of Program and Evaluation Study Motivation Study Results Conclusion Future research 3

4. PECO LIURP – Program and Evaluation 4

5. Program Description PECO LIURP – Low Income Usage Reduction Program Run by utilities in PA PUC requires annual evaluation Education and energy efficiency measures Baseload and heating jobs 5

6. 2005 LIURP Impacts #Pre-UsePost-UseSavings% Savings Electric Baseload (kWh) 4,55111,18810,0731,11510.00% Electric Heat (kWh) 19721,95620,3261,6297.40% Gas Heat (ccf) 1,1641,2061,03916813.90% 6

7. CFL Impacts Savings (kWh) Cost/ Home $/Unit Saved Measure Life $/Unit Saved Over Lifetime 953 (±173) $68$0.07 5 $0.02 $274$0.29$0.07 7

8. Study Methodology 8

9. Survey Research Methodology Stratification for sample selection –Job type Electric baseload – only CFLs Gas heating – only CFLs on electric side –Electric supplemental heat Used at the time of service delivery Not used at the time of service delivery 9

10. Survey Research Methodology Stratification for sample selection –Energy Savings Removed top and bottom 5% in each of 4 groups Divided each group into top, middle, and bottom savers 10

11. Survey Research Methodology Customer Type Electric Supplemental Heat Electric Savings Number Selected Electric Baseload Yes Top Third65 Middle Third65 Bottom Third65 No Top Third65 Middle Third65 Bottom Third65 Gas Heat Yes Top Third61 Middle Third62 Bottom Third61 No Top Third65 Middle Third65 Bottom Third65 TOTAL SAMPLE769 11

12. Survey Research Methodology Customer Type Electric Supplemental Heat Electric Savings Completes Electric Baseload Yes Top Third 1828% Middle Third 2234% Bottom Third 1828% No Top Third 2031% Middle Third 1828% Bottom Third 1523% Gas Heat Yes Top Third 1830% Middle Third 2337% Bottom Third 2033% No Top Third 2031% Middle Third 2437% Bottom Third 1828% TOTAL SAMPLE 23430% 12

13. Savings by Job Type and Household Characteristics 13

14. Electric Savings by Job Type and HH Characteristics Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Electric Savings Group (kWh Change) LargeMediumLowSmallIncrease <=- 1,500-500-1,500-250-500-250- +250>250 All Customers23385431%25%10%12%22% Baseload1111,13138%24%10% 18% Gas Heat12260224%26%11%13%26% Elec Supp. Heat1181,07838%23%11%8%20% No Elec Supp. Heat 11562423%28%10%16%24% 14

15. Electric Savings by Job Type and HH Characteristics Baseload/ Gas Heat Elec Supp. Heat Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Electric Savings Group (kWh Change) LargeMediumLowSmallIncrease <=- 1,500-500-1,500-250-500-250- +250>250 Baseloadyes581,27540%26%12%5%17% Baseloadno5397436%23%8%15%19% Gas Heatyes6088837%20%10% 23% Gas Heatno6232611%32%11%16%29% 15

16. Electric Savings by Job Type and HH Characteristics Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Electric Savings Group (kWh Change) LargeMediumLowSmallIncrease <=- 1,500-500-1,500-250-500-250- +250>250 Air Conditioning Central7695537%24%11%7%22% Window/Wall14076526%25%11%14%24% None17113235% 6%12% 16

17. Electric Savings by Job Type and HH Characteristics Baseload/ Gas Heat AC TypeObs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Electric Savings Group (kWh Change) LargeMediumLowSmallIncrease <=- 1,500-500-1,500-250-500-250- +250>250 BaseloadCentral41117746%20%10%5%20% Baseload Window/ Wall 61107133%25%11%13%18% BaseloadNone9132533%44%0%11% Gas HeatCentral3569526%29%11%9%26% Gas Heat Window/ Wall 7952922%25%10%15%28% Gas HeatNone891638%25%13% 17

18. Savings by Reports on Education Provided and Actions Taken 18

19. Electric Savings by Energy Education Reported Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) All Customers233854 Review bills? yes142872 no91826 Recommend actions to save energy? yes206825 no271074 Estimate $ savings from each action recommended? yes142901 no91780 Estimate total $ savings from all actions? yes110837 no123869 19

20. Electric Savings by Number of Letters Read How many of the LIURP monthly energy saving letters have you read? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) All641038 Most35900 Some44627 One/None17552 Don’t Remember Letters73877 20

21. Electric Savings By Reported Actions What energy-saving actions have you been able to take since the provider came to your home? (Action mentioned with greatest expected savings) Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Avoid space heaters72253 Disconnect unused refrigerators/freezers81395 Reduce use of electric dryer41250 Use CFLs691148 Accept LIURP services151148 Turn off unused lighting291021 Turn off unused television/computer17777 Other/don’t know15518 Alter thermostat settings15369 Weatherization measures37365 New appliances4203 None13 21

22. Electric Savings by Reduced Appliance Use Reduced use of _____ as a result of participating in the program? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) All Customers233854 Electric space heater** yes1051150 no128611 Air conditioner yes136947 no97723 Electric dryer yes71995 no162792 Dishwasher yes64641 no169935 22

23. Electric Savings by Reduced Appliance Use Reduced use of _____ as a result of participating in the program? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) All Customers233854 Dehumidifier yes181058 no215837 Number of lights left on all night* yes431174 no190781 Lights yes161879 no72797 23

24. Electric Savings by Number of Hours CFLs Used Average number of hours CFLs are used Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) 1-229649 3-454819 5-658705 7-24321012 Don’t Know601044 24

25. Savings by Program Ratings and Reported Savings 25

26. Electric Savings by Most Important Program Benefit What do you feel is the most important benefit of the program? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Lower Energy Bills721015 Energy Education69796 Safer/More Comfortable Home17769 Specific Services23671 Lower Energy Use24523 New Appliances6433 Compliant31318 Don’t Know191227 26

27. Electric Savings by Energy Education Rating How helpful was LIURP in teaching about energy use and ways to save energy? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Very Helpful135925 Somewhat Helpful69645 Of Little Help231055 Don’t Know6881 27

28. Electric Savings by Report of Energy Savings Has your household reduced its overall energy usage as a result of the program? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Yes189897 No/Don’t Know44667 Is your PECO bill higher, lower, or unchanged since receipt of energy services? Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Lower138920 Unchanged56706 Higher29660 Don’t Know101337 28

29. Electric Savings by Program Satisfaction AllBaseloadGas Heat Energy Education Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Obs. Mean Electric Savings (kWh) Very Satisfied14088569133571448 Somewhat Sat.796963968340708 Dissatisfied1014392241781195 Don’t Know414141192331245 LIURP Very Satisfied14174271115370325 Somewhat Sat.78102137110341947 Dissatisfied91044127381140 Don’t Know51054212703910 29

30. Multivariate Analysis 30

31. Multivariate Analysis Variable Education Reports Behavior Changes Education Satisfaction All Factors Baseload Job-524*-508*-493*-542* Electric Space Heat-424*-451* Provider Reviewed Bills-121-169 Provider Recommended Actions to Save Energy-390-455 Provider Estimated Savings from Each Action204202 Provider Estimated Savings from Actions Overall-176-228 Respondent Read All Letters-142-88 Respondent Read Most Letters-12353 Reduced Electric Space Heater Use-502*-472* Reduced AC Use-92-139 Reduced Electric Dryer Use-98-89 Reduced Number of Lights Left on All Night-265-361 Reduced Use of Dehumidifier-212-144 Uses CFLs 7 or More Hours Per Day on Average-155-146 LIURP Very Helpful Teach How Reduce Use-75-73 Reduced Use as a Result of LIURP-82-80 Very Satisfied with Energy Education-64-20 31

32. Summary and Conclusion 32

33. Summary Expected relationships found –Energy education provided –Attention to follow-up materials –Behavior changes –Hours of CFL usage –Energy education ratings –Usage and bill savings 33

34. Conclusion New evidence for –Impact of energy education on energy usage –Accuracy of customer reports Energy education quality Changes in energy use behavior Need larger sample size!! 34

35. Contact Jackie Berger Director of Program Evaluation APPRISE 32 Nassau Street, Suite 200 Princeton, NJ 08542 609-252-8009 Jackie-berger@appriseinc.org 35