1. 04.11.20091 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin Knowledge and practice of blood transfusion: a survey of nurses in the north and middle regions of Jordan Dr. Belal M. Hijji 1, Dr. Rasha Dabbour 1, Dr. Arwa Owies 1 1 Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Jordan

2. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20092 Contents Background Background Aim and objectives Aim and objectives Methods Methods Results Results Recommendations Recommendations

3. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20093 Background

4. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20094 Nurses play a crucial role in the administration of blood transfusions Their relevant knowledge and practice are important determinants of the safety of transfusions Published information about nurses' blood transfusion knowledge and practice is lacking To fill this information gap, this study was undertaken in Jordan

5. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20095 Aim

6. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20096 Principal Aim To investigate nurses’ knowledge and practice of blood transfusion Objectives A. Investigate nurses’ knowledge and/ or reported practice of: 1.Patient preparation before blood collection 2. Blood pack collection 3. Pre-transfusion initiation nursing activities 4. Post transfusion initiation activities and issues B. Identify statistically significant correlations between nurses’ knowledge scores and their characteristics

7. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20097 Methods

8. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20098 Design, Settings and Access 1.A descriptive cross-sectional survey using an interviewer-administered questionnaire 2.The study involved in-patient areas where blood transfusion events were common 3. Four teaching and public hospitals 4. Ethical approvals 5. Participant information sheet 6. Voluntary informed consent 7. Anonymity and confidentiality

9. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.20099 Population and sample Population: 906 nurses Sample: 320 nurses selected at random Inclusion criteria: Registered nurses with direct care responsibilities Exclusion criteria: Auxiliary staff, head nurses, and nurses in out-patient areas and OT.

10. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200910 An overview of data collection Nurses’ knowledge and reported practice of blood transfusion was measured via a questionnaire developed following consultation with nursing literature. It has 44 items in seven sections. A: nurses’ demographics and training (8 items); B: patient preparation before blood collection (4 items); C: blood bag collection (3 items); D: pre-transfusion initiation nursing responsibilities (8 items); E: post transfusion initiation nursing responsibilities (11 items); F: complications related to blood transfusion (8 items); and G: issues related to local policies (2 items).

11. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200911 Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire 1. A panel of seven international transfusion specialist nurses 2. Pilot study 3. 3. The Flesch Reading Ease (RE) Index is 66.15.

12. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200912 An overview of data collection (continued…) Data collection started on 5 th November 2008 and was completed by 31 st January 2009.  Two research assistants collected the data  They attended a session on questionnaire administration and collection  They received written instructions

13. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200913 Data Analysis Allocation of scores For most items, one point was awarded for the correct answer and 0 for the incorrect one. The maximum score was 57 (100%) points. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data

14. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200914 Results

15. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200915 305 nurses (95.3%) filled in the questionnaire

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29. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200929 Knowledge Scores MeanMedianModeRangeSkewnessKurtosisSD 51.3525313-70- 0.742.447.3 Inferential Statistics One-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant correlations between nurses’ knowledge scores and hospital affiliation, qualifications, gender, level of involvement in blood transfusion, ward experience, and previous training

30. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200930 Key Findings Nurses had serious knowledge deficits and practice deficiencies that are potentially threatening to patients health and safety Patients were at risk of developing complications, in particular bacterial infection, destruction of red blood cells, and receiving incorrect transfusions

31. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200931 Recommendations

32. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200932 Action is needed, nationwide, to improve nurses’ knowledge and practice of blood transfusion Urgent training and education Systems must be developed to ensure that nurses are competent in performing blood transfusion Development of blood transfusion policies and guidelines for practice

33. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200933 Acknowledgements

34. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200934 We are immensely grateful to Ministry of Health, all nursing staff, and hospitals management. We express our gratitude to Philadelphia University Deanship of Scientific Research and Postgraduate Studies for funding the study.

35. 10th Annual Interdisciplinary Research Conference, Trinity College, Dublin04.11.200935 Thank You Principal Investigator bhijji@philadelphia.edu.jo