1. Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal
Lesson 1: The First New Deal

2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Distant cousin to Theodore Roosevelt
Married to Eleanor Roosevelt
NY State Senate
Assistant Secretary of Navy
Caught polio in 1921
Governor of New York
1932 Democratic Presidential Candidate
Americans saw an energy and hope that gave them optimism despite tough economic times

3. The First New Deal
Continuing bank runs made Roosevelt create Bank Holidays
The First 100 Days: March 9-June Congress passed 15 major acts to resolve the economic crisis
Emergency Bank Relief Act- required federal examiners to survey the nation’s banks to issue Treasury Department licenses to banks that were financially sound

4. The First New Deal (continued)
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- provides government insurance for bank deposits
The Securities Act - required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)- was created to regulate the stock market and stop fraud.
This increased the public confidence in the banking system

5. The New Deal (continued)
Home Owners Loan Corporation- bought mortgages of home owners who were behind in their payments, restructured loans for longer repayment times, for lower interest rates
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)- helped farmers refinance their mortgages. These loans saved millions of farms from foreclosure.

6. The New Deal (continued)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)- pay farmers to grow certain crops, raise certain meats and create dairy products
Farms got government $ to do so
Unfortunately a majority of African Americans lost their jobs
And it increased the cost of food
National Recovery Act- (NRA) created voluntary rules and codes for workers in big business (max prices, min hours, min wages…etc)
Only in effect for 2 years

7. The New Deal (continued)
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- employed men for 6-12 months for forestry work to prevent a repeat Dust Bowl
Men work and send $ home
They learned to read and write
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)- Gave $ to local agencies to fund their relief

8. The New Deal (continued)
Public Works Administration (PWA)- building highways, dams, schools and other government facilities
Civil Works Administration (CWA)-Offered jobs to the unemployed to help them through the winter.
Roosevelt feared this would make people think they could expect the government to hand out jobs in the future (this was then shut down in the spring)

9. Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal
Lesson 2: The Second New Deal

10. Launching the Second New Deal
Deficit spending- spending borrowed money rather than rising taxes, usually in an attempt to boost the economy
Works Progress Administration (WPA)- Public works projects, from building railroads to financing arts and musical programs

11. The Second New Deal (continued)
National Labor Relations Act aka the Wagner Act- guarantee workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)- investigates employers’ actions and stop unfair practices
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)- organized unions by industry
Sit down strikes GM first, then US Steel learned by example

12. The Second New Deal (continued)
Social Security Act
Provided financial security for older Americans, unemployed workers and other’s who, for any reason out of their control, could not work
Workers earned the right to receive benefits because they paid special taxes to the federal government
Welfare payments to people with disabilities and poor mothers with dependent children
Retirement benefit to people over 65 when they stop working to supplement their incomes

13. Chapter 10: Roosevelt and the New Deal
Lesson 3:
The New Deal Coalition

14. Eleanor Roosevelt
Supported women and African Americans through the New Deal
Toured the Country to support the New Deal programs
Sparked the Democratic Party Convention, consisting of White and African American Southerners, farmers, workers, immigrants, women, progressives and intellectuals. All supporting Roosevelt and the New Deal

15. Court Packing Social Security and the Wagner Act were pending
Roosevelt wanted to change the Supreme Court’s balance, (to his benefit)
Sent a bill that would increase the number of justices and allow the president to appoint additional justice if sitting justice who served 10 years did not retire within six months of reaching 70. (This would allow him to appoint 6 justices)
so if you sat on the supreme court for 10 years and were 70 or older, and didn’t retire, the president could appoint a new member
Social Security and Wagner Act were then passed
This hurt his reputation

16. Keynesianism (Kayn-zee-uh-nih-zuhm)
The thought that the government should spend heavily in a recession in order to jump start the economy

17. The New Deal Ends
National Housing Act- $500 million to subsidize loans to builders willing to construct low-cost housing
Farm Security Administration- give loans to tenant farmers so they could purchase their farms (as a result of the AAA many farm tenants had lost their lands )
Fair Labor standards Act- abolished child labor and limited the work week to 44 hours a week for most workers, set federal minimum wage 25 cents an hour
By 1939 the New Deal came to an end

18. The New Deal’s Legacy
The New Deal did not end the Depression, but it gave Americans a stronger sense of security and stability
Broker state- role of the government to work out conflicts among competing interest groups
Safety net- safeguards and relief programs that protected people against economic disasters
The New Deal made the federal government more powerful in regards to recovering the economy.