1. The Fingerprint Factor Fingerprint identification is a method of identifying individuals using the impressions made by the tiny ridge formations found on the fingertips. No two people have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns, and the patterns of each individual remain unchanged throughout life. Other personal characteristics may change, but fingerprints do not. This makes fingerprints a very reliable means of personal identification. Fingerprints have been used for identification purposes for thousands of years. Members of the law enforcement community began using fingerprint evidence to identify criminal suspects over a hundred years ago. Since then, developments in the tools and methods of collecting and analyzing fingerprint evidence have had a significant impact on how criminals are identified and prosecuted. In this lesson, you will explore “the fingerprint factor” to answer the essential question: 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Next How has the development of fingerprint technology affected the identification and prosecution of criminals? 1. The Question Begin by reading this article to develop some general background knowledge about fingerprint identification.article

2. 2. Information Sources You will use the online sources below to gather information about a topic in the history of fingerprints and fingerprint identification. –Sources include selections from the Student Resource Center online database and the Science e-book World of Forensic Science. Home access only through the BCPS Databases gateway with required logins, available on a handout from your school library media specialist.World of Forensic ScienceBCPS Databases Go to Slide 3 to select a research topic and get directions and handouts for the Student Activity. 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Next Brief History of Fingerprint Identification A History of Latent Fingerprint Analysis Fingerprint Analysis- Famous Cases The History of Fingerprints Ridges & Furrows: Significant Dates & Events “Every Contact Leaves a Trace”: A History of Fingerprinting Early Fingerprint Pioneers Biographies of individual fingerprint pioneers: Alphonse Bertillon Henry Faulds Francis Galton Sir Edward Richard Henry William James Herschel Fuseo Matsumur Juan Vucetich AFISAFIS and IAFISIAFIS Recent advancements in fingerprint technology: Farewell Fuzzy Fingerprinting? Chemical Imager Reveals “Invisible” Fingerprints Superglue Fingers Bomb Suspects Brief History of Fingerprint Identification A History of Latent Fingerprint Analysis Fingerprint Analysis- Famous Cases The History of Fingerprints Ridges & Furrows: Significant Dates & Events “Every Contact Leaves a Trace”: A History of Fingerprinting Early Fingerprint Pioneers Biographies of individual fingerprint pioneers: Alphonse Bertillon Henry Faulds Francis Galton Sir Edward Richard Henry William James Herschel Fuseo Matsumur Juan Vucetich AFISAFIS and IAFISIAFIS Recent advancements in fingerprint technology: Farewell Fuzzy Fingerprinting? Chemical Imager Reveals “Invisible” Fingerprints Superglue Fingers Bomb Suspects

3. 3. Student Activity 1.Select one research topic from the list below. 2.Gather information about this topic from the sources on Slide 2. Use this Cornell Notes 5W’s organizer to record your research notes; remember to cite your sources on the organizer. Cornell Notes 5W’s organizer 3.Use this Microsoft Publisher template to create your timeline panel; directions are included on the template. For an example, see this model timeline panel for the topic First Users of Fingerprints, which will be the first panel in your class timeline.templatemodel timeline panel 4.Save or print out your completed timeline panel according to your teacher’s directions. All timeline panels should then be sequenced chronologically to create a class Fingerprint Factor Timeline. Note to teacher: Class timeline may be created in digital format by combining all timeline panels into one MS Publisher or PDF file; or, hard copies of all timeline panels may be printed out to create a class timeline wall display or packet. 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Next Research Topic List 1.Early Scientists (Nehemia Grew, Marcello Malpighi, Johannes Purkinje) 2.Alphonse Bertillon 3.Henry Faulds 4.Francis Galton 5.Sir Edward Richard Henry 6.William James Herschel 7.Fuseo Matsumur 8.Juan Vucetich 9.FBI: AFIS and IAFIS 10.Recent advancements in fingerprint technology (2000- present) Research Topic List 1.Early Scientists (Nehemia Grew, Marcello Malpighi, Johannes Purkinje) 2.Alphonse Bertillon 3.Henry Faulds 4.Francis Galton 5.Sir Edward Richard Henry 6.William James Herschel 7.Fuseo Matsumur 8.Juan Vucetich 9.FBI: AFIS and IAFIS 10.Recent advancements in fingerprint technology (2000- present)

4. 4. Assessment Activity 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Next After your class Fingerprint Factor Timeline has been sequenced and assembled, examine each panel of the timeline. Take notes in chronological order about each contribution to the development of fingerprint identification. You will need these notes to write a constructed response to the essential question:notes How has the development of fingerprint technology affected the identification and prosecution of criminals? Support your answer with details from the timeline. Your response may be graded using this scoring tool.scoring tool You may record your response in one of the following ways: Type your response in the interactive text box below, save, and turn in to your teacher’s folder on the Students (L:/) drive according to your teacher’s instructions Type your response in Microsoft Word and print out Write your response on notebook paper

5. 5. Enrichment Activities Read more about the recent developments and controversies involving the “fingerprint factor”: Fingerprint matching techniques need reform FBI upgrade of fingerprint repository 10 prints are better than 2, Homeland Security says For the latest news on fingerprint technology, go to the Student Resource Center database, search on keyword fingerprints, and click on the News tab.Student Resource Center database Explore other developments in the history of criminalistics and forensics on this interactive timeline from the companion website for the TruTV show “Forensic Files” interactive timeline 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Next

6. 6. Teacher Support Materials Curriculum Standards for Criminalistics (AIM):AIM O-4 Students will analyze the identification and use of friction prints by the criminalist a a source of individuation. KSI- A1 Determine the individuals who have made significant contributions to the acceptance and development of fingerprint technology. Standards for the 21st Century LearnerStandards for the 21st Century Learner (AASL) Learners use Skills, Resources, and Tools to: 1: Inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge 1.1.2 Use prior and background knowledge as context for new learning 1.1.6 Read, view, and listen for information presented in any format 2: Draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge National Educational Technology Standards for StudentsStudents (ISTE) 1. Creativity and Innovation: Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. 3. Research and Information Fluency: Students apply digital tools to gather, evaluate, and use information. 4. Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Decision Making: Students use critical thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage projects, solve problems, and make informed decisions using appropriate digital tools and resources. 1111 2222 3333 6666 5555 4444 Created by Kelly Ray, Library Media Specialist Last update: July 20, 2008 BCPS Slam Dunk Model, Copyright 2008 Baltimore County Public Schools, MD, all rights reserved. The models may be used for educational, non-profit school use only. All other uses, transmissions, and duplications are prohibited unless permission is granted expressly. This lesson is based on Dr. Jamie McKenzie’s Slam Dunk Lesson module available at http://questioning.org/module2/quick.html. Images by subscription to www.clipart.com.http://questioning.org/module2/quick.htmlwww.clipart.com Lesson Objective: Students will use online information sources to create an annotated timeline documenting the development of fingerprint technology and its impact on the identification and prosecution of criminals. Time Management: One 90 minute class period in a computer lab for background reading, research, and creation of timeline panel; half period in classroom or computer lab for examination of class timeline and assessment. Differentiation Strategies: Provide hard copies of the online readings Allow students to work as partners Provide extended time Learning Preferences/Styles: Field Dependent/Independent, visual, auditory, tactile, reflective, global, sequential Notes to the Teacher: The class timeline may be sequenced and published in digital or hard copy format: All students’ timeline panels may be combined in chronological order into one MS Publisher file; this file could also be converted to PDF. Publish via teacher webpage or student drive. Hard copies of all students’ timeline panels may be printed out to create a class timeline wall display or packet.