1. G. the upshot of English politics 1. As representatives of the people, Parliament had the right to choose rulers 2. English Declaration of Rights, 1689 - written rules limiting power of Monarchy 3. Toleration Act, 1688 - Religious freedom

2. E. Justifying the Glorious Revolution and the “beginning” of the Enlightenment John Locke

3. II. The Enlightenment

4. Review Sessions Wed., Feb. 4 - 3:00 pm HUMB 114 »Rebecca Wed., Feb. 4 - 5:00 pm HUMB 116 »Angie Thurs., Feb. 5 - 7:30 pm HUMB 360? »Bob

5. D. Enlightenment and Rational Government 1. Locke - Two Treatises on Government The Spirit of the Laws 2. Montesquieu - The Spirit of the Laws, 1748 a. each type of government has a spirit b. govt.’s need checks/balances c. justice must be blind 4. Jefferson - Declaration of Independence

6. 3. Rousseau, The Social Contract justice achieved when needs of people balanced with legitimate powers of government So where does this bring us…?

7. The Age of Revolutions? English develop concepts of Natural Rights Philosophes critical of authority for tradition’s sake society can be built on secular/rational values the quality of a government should reflect the quality of its people

8. III. Empire of Reason: the American Revolution

9. A. Extensive Revolution 1. Began as defense of “property rights” a. Seven Years War, 1756-63 b. end of “benign neglect” 2. “conservative” leadership a. North: merchants, lawyers b. South: planters

10. B. Intensive Revolution 1. “Rights of Englishmen” threatened a. Proclamation of 1763 b. decline in eligible voters 2. Leaders turn anger against British Sam Adams Patrick Henry

11. 3. Liberty Declaration of Independence, - Jefferson “Give me Liberty, or give me death” - Henry Thomas Paine, Common Sense

12. C. Unintended consequences 1. “The spirit of Liberty has spread where it was not intended to go…” 2. Decline in deference 3. Rise of the “new men” The Spirit of ‘76

13. 4. Articles of Confederation, 1775-1789 dominated by states, new men 5. Pennsylvania State Constitution “stay laws” 6. Shays’ Rebellion, 1786-87

14. D. the Counter-revolution 1. Competing definitions of “liberty” 2. The U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787

15. 3. Balancing property rights v. economic opportunity - slavery approved - the Bill of Rights James Madison

16. E. The Great Experiment 1. Republic of Enlightenment virtues 2. Republic of enlightened self-interest liberty = the right of free (white) men to control their own economic, political destiny Liberty not made universal