1. World-wide Measurements of Atmospheric CO 2 and Other Trace Species Using Commercial Airlines T. Machida 1, H. Matsueda 2, Y. Nakagawa 3, M. Tomosawa 4, K. Ishikawa 5, T. Inagaki 5, T. Nakazawa 6, T. Ogawa 5 and T. Suenaga 7 1 NIES, 2 MRI, 3 JAL, 4 JAMCO, 5 JAXA, 6 Tohoku U., 7 JAL F.

2. Introduction Limited Data Validation for Model Transport Validation for Satellite CO 2 Aircraft Measurements High Frequency Severe Restriction Commercial Airliner Easy Installation High Cost Chartered Aircraft

3. Ongoing Project (MRI, JAL, JAL F) 1993-now, Twice/month CO 2, CH 4, CO

4. CO2 CO Growth Rate Detail: Poster FF-177 (Matsueda et al.)

5. New Project from 2003 Atmospheric Measurement by Airliners for Trace Species: AMATRAS New Functions… in-situ CO 2 measurement Aircraft information from ARINC New Equipments for Commercial Airliners 1. Continuous CO 2 Measurement Equipment (CME) 2. Improved Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE)

6. CME Description 1ccm Size: 570H * 320W * 255D Weight: 22 kg (incl. Cylinders) Standard Gases 150ccm Pump Solenoid Valve MFC NDIR LI-840 Pressure Controller Drier Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Ground Speed, Wind Speed, Wind Dir., Air Temperature ARINC Data Logger

7. CME Measurement 2000ft Std Gas 5min Acquisition 10s Std Gas 5min Acquisition 10s Std Gas 20min Acquisition 1min All Flight above 2000ft 600H Flight (2month)  Download(Std Gas, Drier)

8. Linearity and Drier Test Cylinder Value =368.86 ppm Measured Value =368.88±0.11 ppm Good Linearity and No large Influence from Drier & Pump

9. Comparison with Large System (LI-6262) CME LI-6262 System

10. Temporal CO2 Variation LI-6262 Good Agreement but slow response

11. Test Flight using B65 by JAXA Pump On Takeoff

12. Vertical CO 2 Profiles Reasonable Profiles Mar.-May, 2005

13. New ASE Flask:12 Titanium Sampling:Twice/Month Australia-Japan Analysis:Next Day (in 2days) old ASEnew ASE Control Trigger: Measurement: TimerARINC Fixed Position Vertical Sampling CO 2, CH 4, COCO 2, CH 4, CO N 2 O, SF 6, H 2 CO 2 isotope

14. Good Stability in the Titanium Flasks Small Drifts but only CO needs Correction

15. FAA Official Test Radio Frequency Emission Test Altitude Test Got an Approval from FAA in April 2005 High Temp Test Power Input Test Radio Frequency Emission Test Static Load Test Altitude Test Waterproofness Test Proof and Burst Pressure Test Vibration Test Radio Frequency Susceptibility Test Voltage Spike Test Static Load Test

16. FWD Installation on 747-400 CME ASE Pump air conditioning duct

17. Example of Destination in April 2004 (5 Aircrafts) 747-400 777 ASE CME 5 8 2 7 210 13 12 2 4 3 3 8 4 1 19 4 1 5

18. Schedule Apr. 2005: FAA Official Test Oct. 2005: Installation for 747-400 End-Oct.: Issue STC by FAA & JCAB 1st Test Flight by 747 Nov. 2005: 2nd 747 Feb. 2006: 1st 777 Apr. 2006: 2nd and 3rd 777 2006-2010: Budget Applied (MOE Japan)

19. Conclusion Acknowledgement: This project was partly supported by MEXT We Successfully Developed New Instruments CME +/-0.2 ppm (10s data) Slow Response but Accurate ASE ARINC Control Good Stability in the Titanium Flasks Pass FAA Official Test STC for Aircraft Type (747 & 777)  Apply Other Airliners