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Marine Biology: Marine Invertebrate Investigation Notes from your class Presentations on 2/22
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Characteristics of major marine phylums Table of Contents: Slide One - Intro Slide Two - Table of Contents Slide Three - Porifera Slide Four - Cnideria Slide Five - Cnideria Slide Six - Ctenophora Slide Seven - Mulusca Slide Eight - Anthropoda Slide Nine - Echinodermata Slide Ten - Marine Worms Slide Eleven - Marine Worms
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Porifera 5000 species sponges marine creatures 150 fresh water simplest cellular organization o no symmetry system of pores and channels for water to pass through sexual and asexual reproduction Three main structures o Tube o Tube, but bigger o Big, complex
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Cnidaria Jellyfish No body cavity Asexual Develop into sexual adults Sting – bees of the sea o Special cells o Neural toxins Four classes o Jellyfish o Box jelly fish o Hydroids o Sea anemones.
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Radial symmetry Central nerve net Eat, plankton, other jellys Predator: sea turtles, ocean sunfish, rock fish May be eaten by human Coral and sea anemones o Reproduce by budding or sperm in water (eww…) o Eat plankton, fish o Predators: humans No brains! Four primitive structures Box Jellyfish has 24 eyes 200 feet long (Lions Mane) to a few centimeters in size Cnidaria continued
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Ctenophora Comb Jellys Not really jellyfish, but they look similar o Lack nitokites? 8 rows of cilia “comb rows” “Sea Gooseberry” Pleurobrachia pileus 2 cm in size, max no real mouths, ‘oral lobes’ instead eat copepods, larvae, smaller plankton Reflect light off of cones Close to surface Two layers of skin o Protective slim from glands Food goes in and out the same way (gross!) Tentacles to catch prey (no sting, but sticky) Hermaphrodite: both male and female sex organs.
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Mullusca Mollusks are diverse Latin for soft Squids and octopus Snails and clams have a hard shell, soft inside Found in all habitats, ecologically successful. Freshwater and land Heart, gonads, kidney organs Normal digestive tract form mouth to anus (butt hole) Soft body is shared trait of all mollusks 8 classes o Gastropods: snails, sea slugs o Clam, mussels, scallops, oysters o Cephalopods: Squid, octopus o Three other classes (fossilized) 160,000 known species Continue to grow and expand because they can adapt well Fossilize well because of hard shell.
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Anthropoda Arthropod, Greek for ‘joint’ Segmented body Apendage at each joint, connecting to body Ventral nervous system Dorsal heart Exoskeleton Larges phylum: 10 million species Lots of habitats: salt and fresh water, and land 12 foot leg span in larger size, or as small as plankton feed, sense, and defend with appendages Ghost crab (Ocyprode quddrata) or Sand Crab, dig and move up to 10 mph, sharp 360 degree vision.
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Echinodermata Sand Dollars and Sea cumbers Internal, water filled canals Five-fold symmetry Sand Dollars move when they are alive, moves water past mouth External fertilize 7000 current species 10,000 extinct Predators: Star Fish
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Marine worms Annelida segmented worm family 15000 species Body cavity is unique to this phylum Closed circulatory system in each segment, can operate independently Digestive tract from mouth to anus Bristles along the body, marine worms have Polychaete (Large Bristled in Latin) o Used for movement and respiration Land worms descended from marine worms Some drift like plankton
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Sense organs and jaws on some worms 1 mm to 3 m long sexual or asexual reproduction hydro thermal vent environments burrowed in coral reefs Tube Worm: colorful, on coral reefs, large groups, eat brine shrimp Peanut Worm: gross, eat rotifers Predators: crab, fish, other crustations (crabs, lobsters) Marine Worms continued
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