1. Title Layout IRAN

2. Lack of Arable Land Rich in oil Earliest Empire Persian History Islamic Caliphate Theocracy “Developing”

3. Sources of Legitimacy Ayatollah Khomeini Revolution of 1979 Constitution and Amendments Faith in God Divine Justice The Qu’ran Prophet Muhammad 12 Imams Hidden Imam Jurist’s Guardianship

4. Influence of Religion Zoroastrianism = monotheistic belief; Judaism, Christianity, Islam –Preference for People of the Book Highly centralized and authoritarian leadership Arab invaders brought Islam to Persia Imams = heirs of Muhammad, leaders of Islam, clerics –Sunni – those who followed selected leaders –Shia – those who descended from Ali Hidden Imam = 12 th Imam who disappeared as a child Theocracy = rulers in Iran work lead while they await return of Hidden Imam

5. Changes in Politics 4 Eras 1501-1722 –Safavids 1794-1925 –Qajars 1925-1979 –Pahlavis 1979-present –Islamic Republic Islamic Revolution Disillusionment with the Shah Revolution of Rising Expectations Charisma of the Ayatollah 1979 Constitution 1989 Amendments Cultural Revolution Tehran Spring Jurist’s Guardianship

6. Society in Iran Cleavages Religion Ethnicity Social Class Reformer vs. Conservative Pragmatic Conservative vs. Radical Clerics Civil and Political No real civil society No real participation Growing youth population Crackdowns on speech Disenfranchised vote Equality-with-difference Dealing with the West

7. Iran/Greece Mosadeq/Reza Shah Ahmadinejad/Rouhani WEST vs. EAST

8. Political Institutions Elections Vote for 3 secular positions Reformists candidates have been banned Back-and-forth leadership Opinion polls unreliable Fraud and illegitimacy Modest reform president –Hassan Rhouhani Interest Groups/Media No real influence from parties –Mojahedin No real difference between parties and interest groups No real power of interests Non-political media

9. Government Institutions Supreme LeaderFaqih, Imam of Community, Head of State Nominate, dismiss, judge, declare war, commander Guardian Council6 from Supreme Leader 6 from Majles Jurist’s guardianship, review laws, disqualify candidates Assembly of Religious Experts Upper house? 86 men, direct election, 4 year terms, seminary degree Broad constitutional interpretation Expediency Council32 members, selected by Supreme Leader Settles disputes between Guardian Council and Majles ExecutivePresident – Head of Gov, directly elected, Cabinet – day-today work, Bureaucracy – head para-statals Devise budget, supervise economy, propose legislation, appoint local officials, chair NCS Bonyads = services to poor MajlesUnicameral legislature, direct election, 290 seats Select 6 to Guard. Coun., enact law, interpret, investigate executive, approve budget JudiciaryAppointed by Sup. Lead., 5 year term, familiar with Sharia Chief runs courts, harsh retribution MilitaryParallel forces, Rev. Guard, BasijPolice, nuclear, Ghord = engineers

10. Public Policy Issues Highly Complex – many can originate or block legislation Cross-cutting factions –Conservative vs. Reformists –Statists vs. Free-marketers Qom = city of scholars, separation of church and state Economics – improve standard of living without destroying Islam –Elites are tied to oil while clergy to traditions –People dependent on subsidies, state dependent on oil International sanctions Dropping oil prices Drop in rial Inflation From large to small families –Young population

11. Foreign Relations Supports Shiism throughout Middle East Ahmadinejad –“Holocaust is a myth” –“Israel wiped away” Rouhani –Join WTO –Stop Brain Drain Bush –“Axis of evil” –“must be held accountable” Obama –Willingness to turn a new page –Negotiate nuclear deal

12. Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQdhmsw-hvc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnmdU_6sLUY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAzQwwS-mCY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8bC1DEYbI4 http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/u-s-relations-with-iran-35-years- after-hostage-crisis/ http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/u-s-relations-with-iran-35-years- after-hostage-crisis/