1. Listening and Critical Thinking Chapter 5

2. Listening  Hearing “The act of receiving sound” (p. 110)“The act of receiving sound” (p. 110)  Listening “The active process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages. It involves the ability to retain information, as well as to react empathically and/or appreciatively to spoken and/or nonverbal messages” (p. 111)“The active process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages. It involves the ability to retain information, as well as to react empathically and/or appreciatively to spoken and/or nonverbal messages” (p. 111)

3. Listening  WHY WOULD I SAY THIS? To listen, it is important that you hear, but not necessarily.To listen, it is important that you hear, but not necessarily. You can’t listen to the chirp of a bird.You can’t listen to the chirp of a bird.  Can you appreciate the chirp of a bird?

4. The Listening Process 1) Attention 2) Working memory 3) Short-term memory 4) Long-term memory

5. The Listening Process 1.Attention  Selective Attention – “The sustained focus we give stimuli”  Focusing on what we think is important.  Automatic Attention – “Instinctive focus”  Attention that happens when we notice a change in our environment.

6. The Listening Process 2.Working Memory  “the part of our consciousness that interprets and assigns meaning to stimuli we pay attention to” (p. 112)  (Momentary understandings)  Example: Reading  Example: Stories

7. The Listening Process 3. Short-term Memory  “a temporary storage place for information” (p. 113)  Limited to 7 (+/- 2) bits of information.  Telephone numbers  Street addresses  A sentence or so.

8. The Listening Process 4.Long-term memory  “permanent storage place for information”  Schema  “organizational ‘filing systems’ for our thoughts”  Webs of information  What is a “nerd”? “house”?  Triggered by a couple of concepts.  Stereotypes?

9.  Schema for an Office….

10. Four Different Types of Listening  Active  Empathic  Critical  Enjoyment

11. Active Listening  Active listening “Involved listening with a purpose” (p. 115).“Involved listening with a purpose” (p. 115). Four steps:Four steps: 1) Listening carefully by using all available senses. 2) Paraphrasing what is heard both mentally and verbally 3) Checking understanding(s) to ensure accuracy. 4) Providing feedback. (answering)

12. Active Listening Practice 1) Pick a buddy in your group. OU-Chubu Chubu-OU OU-Chubu Chubu-OU 2) Tell them what you did this morning. 3) Ask questions. 3) Paraphrase what was said.

13. Empathic Listening  Empathic Listening “A form of active listening in which you attempt to understand the other person” (p. 115)“A form of active listening in which you attempt to understand the other person” (p. 115)  Being fully engaged In the moment.  Attempting to understand another person’s worldview as if it were your own.

14. Empathic Listening in Relationships  Ask for additional information  Vary verbal responses  Give affirmative and affirming responses  Restate/Paraphrase what was said

15. Critical Listening  Critical listening “Challenging the speaker’s message by evaluating its accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility” (p. 116).“Challenging the speaker’s message by evaluating its accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility” (p. 116). Critical thinking takes critical listening.Critical thinking takes critical listening.

16. Critical Thinking  What are the dangers of not thinking critically?  Arguments Something the speaker is trying to prove.Something the speaker is trying to prove. We are continuously being convinced of something.We are continuously being convinced of something.

17. Critical Listening  Source credibility “The extent to which the speaker is perceived as competent to make the claims he or she is making” (p. 120).“The extent to which the speaker is perceived as competent to make the claims he or she is making” (p. 120).

18. Critical Listening/Thinking  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b eJ9yJpR_DA&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b eJ9yJpR_DA&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b eJ9yJpR_DA&feature=related  The kid is thinking critically about what Bill O’Reilly is saying.

19. Critical Listening  Information literacy “An individual must recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the information needed” (p. 127) to evaluate a claim or argument.“An individual must recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the information needed” (p. 127) to evaluate a claim or argument.  Search engines  http://www.factcheck.org/ http://www.factcheck.org/ .com.org.edu

20. Listening for Enjoyment  Enjoyment listening “seeking out situations involving relaxing, fun, or emotionally stimulating information” (p. 116).“seeking out situations involving relaxing, fun, or emotionally stimulating information” (p. 116). Music, friends, natureMusic, friends, nature

21. Critical Thinking  We are constantly receiving information. FriendsFriends ClassmatesClassmates AdvertisementsAdvertisements SocietySociety  We need to critically think about the information we come in contact with.

22. Questions???