3. Services

4. Market Area 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

5. Rank Size Rule 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

6. Threshold 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

7. Business, Public, and Consumer 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8. Offshore Financial and Back Office Functions 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

9. Gravity Model 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10. Hinterland 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12. Market Area The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted

13. Rank Size Rule When a country’s nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement Without rank-size rule, an LDCs services will not be evenly distributed throughout the country

14. Threshold The minimum number of people needed to support a service

15. Business, Public and Consumer 3 types of services

16. Offshore Financial and Back Office Functions 2 types of business services that LDC’s specialize in

17. Gravity Model The optimal location of a business is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance they must travel

18. Hinterland A.K.A. Market area

19. Urbanization

20. Multiple Nuclei Model 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

21. Zone of Transition 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

22. Bid Rent Theory 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

23. Redlining 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

24. Elite Spine 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

25. Filtering 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

26. Squatter Settlement 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

28. Multiple Nuclei Model Created by Ullman and Harris in 1945 A city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve

29. Zone of Transition The zone closest to the CBD in the Concentric Zone Model Where industry and poorer quality homes are

30. Bid Rent Theory Theory that land decreases in value as it moves away from the CBD, but intersections of major roads far from the CBD can dramatically increase in land value

31. Redlining When banks draw a line on a map where they will not loan to poor people within that area

32. Elite Spine In the Latin American model, the wedge that extends from the CBD where rich people live

33. Filtering Subdividing large houses into multiple smaller dwellings for lower income people

34. Squatter Settlement Only in Latin American models On the outer layer of the city Periferico

35. Resources and Cities

36. Preservation 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

37. Fossil Fuels 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

38. Nonrenewable Resources 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

39. Central Business District 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

40. Edge Cities 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

41. World Cities 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

42. Urban Sprawl 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

44. Preservation Maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible

45. Fossil Fuels Petroleum, natural gas and coal

46. Nonrenewable Resources Forms very slowly and cannot renew itself for human consumption Examples-fossil fuels

47. Central Business District Downtown area of a city When a city was founded, the CBD was always the center of transportation routes

48. Edge Cities Cities that form on the fringe of urban areas along the highways

49. World Cities Cities with significant global financial functions, where international companies have headquarters, and which has a polarized social structure (poor and rich)

50. Urban Sprawl Progressive spread of development of a city over the landscape into the suburbs

51. Miscellaneous Hodge-Podge

52. Brian Berry 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

53. Gentrification 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

54. Annexation 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

55. Primate City 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

56. Smart Growth 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

57. Louis Worth 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

58. Metropolitan Statistical Area 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

60. Brian Berry Applied Central Place Theory to the U.S. Midwest in the 1950s

61. Gentrification Middle class moves into deteriorating inner city neighborhoods and renovates

62. Annexation Legally adding land to a city (will have better city services, but pay more taxes)

63. Primate City When the largest city in a country is more than twice the size of the second city (causes disproportioned services in one place)

64. Smart Growth Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland (practiced in Ohio, Tennessee, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Washington and Maryland)

65. Louis Worth Sociologist who created 3 categories to distinguish between urban and rural settlements-Urban areas have large size, high population density and are socially heterogeneous

66. Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized area with at least 50,000 people, the county within which the city is located, adjacent counties with a high population density of residents working in the central city