2. Listening to music Singing Instrumentation Dancing Movement activities Athletics Exercise

3. Many scientists consider music instinctive Music is a form of communication and comfort for and with the infant Early exposure, even in the womb, known to develop: mathematical abilities memory language and literacy

4. is one of the 8 intelligences of Howard Gardner the symbols, sounds, rhythms, creative expression

5. Affects and expresses moods and emotions Improves listening, attentive and memory skills Provides another form of self-expression and creativity Helps language use/appreciation and literacy Stimulates mathematical abilities Introduces culture/cultures and aesthetics Encourages socialization Introduces concepts Allows for right brained learning Provides foundation for use of tools

6. Can actually help stuttering Can also help depression

7. Quality music Diverse music from national and international cultures Not just for routines and academics Math – rhythms, sequences and brain stimulation Science – sounds, music of nature and instruments Social studies – culture, cultures and cooperation Language – appreciation, symbols and lyrics Art – creativity, instrument creation and mood

8. 1. On the value of music 2. On various ways to do music in the classroom 3. On the technicalities of music 4. On playing music, ideally

9. has taken the position that music education should be considered “basic” education because of its importance

10. With movement With drama With art With other particular activities At free play for mood and content But not continuously or loudly At group time In routines (including waiting) At naptime

11. Constructive use of time Career possibilities Stress management Alternatives to negative behaviors

12. In infancy to early toddlerhood comfort, connection and communication In toddlerhood to preschool: musical babble In later preschool to school age: beginning of musical aptitude without sufficient exposure the aptitude can atrophy

13. The body is the first musical instrument Sense of rhythm is developed first physically Music is felt by the body Movement to music aids in motor development Important for physical fitness Balances so much sitting in school Also aids in self-awareness, self-expression and self-comfort According to Piagetian theory would lead to language and cognitive development

14. 1. Motor coordination 2. Body awareness 3. Self-expression 4. Spatial development 5. Kinesthetic intelligence 6. Speed and retention of learning 7. Concentration/attention span 8. Creativity 9. Health 10. Talents