2. Immune System Glossary of the immune system vaccine viruses and Bacteria’s immune system interact

3. Glossary Helper t cells b cells killer t cells suppresser Lymphnodes Thymus Antibodies Antigens memory t cell

4. Macrophages A type of white blood cell that seeks out and consumes foreign substances,capable of pressing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system

5. Helper t cells A type of white blood cell that initiates an immune response when presented with an antigen

6. B cells One of the many components of the body’s immune system, a key player in the production of antibodies

7. Killer t cells A type of white blood cells that seeks out and destroys cells that have already been invaded by a virus or some other substance

8. Suppressor t cells A subset of t cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses

9. Lymphnodes Small bean-shaped organs of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body and are linked lymphatic

10. Thymus gland Where t cells learn their job

11. Antibodies A soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by the b cell in response to an antigen which is capable of binding to that specific antigens

12. Antigens Any substance that when introduce into the body is recognized by the immune system.

13. Memory t cells Remembers the virus

14. The Immune System in Action Macrophages 1. The first cell to defend is the macrophage. The macrophage tears apart a virus and brings it to a helper T cell. If the fragments of the torn virus are recognized by the T cell, they become united. Macrophage=Blue cells

15. Helper T Cells Once the macrophage and the helper T cell are untied, the Helper T cells let off a chemical. This chemical stimulates the production of other helper T cell and Killer T cells.

16. Killer T and B Cells Killer T cells are called in to eliminate other cells. Some of the cells have become infected with the virus, these cells must get rid off them. The new helper T cells send for B cells. The B cells then produce millions of antibodies.

17. Antibodies Antibodies are tiny organisms that B cells produce. The antibodies act like little flags for the other cells. They latch onto a virus and the macrophages attack wherever the antibodies tell them to.

18. Result After a few days of this, assuming that the virus does not overpower, the fighting will be over, and the person will no longer be sick.

19. More Results After a battle like this, the number of antibodies, B cells, helper and killer T cells, and macrophages are greatly reduced.

20. Memory Cells Even though most of the other cells have been destroyed, memory T and B cells are left over. It is their job to make sure the next time that this virus enters the body they remember how to defeat it.

21. Viruses Polio The Flu Dengue Fever

22. Polio Most recorded case of Polio was in 1952- 57,600 people caught Polio. You can catch Polio from personal contact, waste, or saliva.

23. The Flu Always putting on new disguises. Can come from pigs and birds. Depending on your genes, the Flu is strong enough to kill someone.

24. Dengue Fever Travels on mosquitoes. Strong enough to kill someone. Began in 1780. Once you get a high temperature your blood vessels start to pop. Primary carrier of Dengue Fever is the Ades Aegyptic.

25. Bacteria Tuberculosis Leptospira Streptococcus Pyogenes

26. Tuberculosis TB has killed more than any other virus. Not visible to the human eye. Underneath a microscope it looks like a sprinkle. 2 to 3 million people die each year from TB. Someone is infected every second.

27. Leptospira Causes serious diseases in livestock 268 cases of Leptospira have been recorded in France for the year 2000. Right now approximately 266 people have Leptospira

28. Caught from contact of mucous from the throat or nose, also from touching sores or wounds on the skin. About 9,400 people caught Strep throat in 1999. People who use steroids are more likely to get Strep throat. Streptococcus pyogenes

29. Sources Http://www.discovery.com/exp/epi demic/inside.html http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/ diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g. htm

30. What are vaccines? Vaccines are any preparation used as a preventative inoculation. A vaccine is the weakened form of the disease or virus. This helps the body make antibodies.

31. How are vaccines made? Scientists grow the influenza (flu) vaccine in chicken eggs. The egg incubates the virus and then scientists kill the virus and gives it to the patients in a weakened form.

32. How do vaccines work? The vaccine is a small weakened or dead dose of the certain virus or disease. The body identifies it and the body makes anti- bodies so it knows how to beat the real virus.

33. Vaccines help us everyday. Without vaccines millions of people would die from simple diseases. Vaccines are the reinforcements for our body.