1. TIME IS MOTION A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON THE QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN TRANSLATED AND NON-TRANSLATED ENGLISH Claudia Förster Hegrenæs, Claudia.Hegrenaes@nhh.no June 21, 2014

2. Research question Counting occurences of lexical expressions of conceptual metaphors, what does translated English look like in comparision to non-translated English? 2

3. Research questions 3 1.Are there quantitative differences between the occurrences of metaphorical expressions of the conceptual metaphor TIME IS MOTION in translated and non-translated English? 2.What do possible differences look like? Are metaphorical expressions over- or underrepresented in translated text compared to non-translated text?

4. 4 Methodology I – lexical representation TIME IS MOTION target domain TIME source domain MOTION represented as nouns time day evening etc. represented as verbs of motion go, goes, went run, runs, ran walk, walks, walked etc.

5. 5 Methodology II – corpus search 1.non – translated English: British National Corpus (BNC) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) 2.translated English: Translational English Corpus (TEC) corpus search for lemmatized forms [noun] [verb] Example: [time] [go] = rumour has it he’s getting wilder and wilder as time goes on (BNC:fict_prose)

6. 6 Methodology III – data processing (SPSS)

7. 7 Data I Observed token distribution per corpus Corpus Observed frequenciesPercent COCA557081.3 BNC70910.4 TEC5718.3 Total6850100.0

8. 8 Data II Cross-tabulation normalized distribution per ten million words for noun/translated noun translated yes no time 157.0 39.9 day 121.0 15.9 life 38.0 12.5 night 70.0 10.9 year 40.0 8.8 moment 23.0 8.3 season 4.0 4.8 week 18.0 4.4 morning 11.0 3.3 month 25.0 3.0 evening 21.0 2.8 hour 27.0 2.5 minute 5.0 1.7 end 5.0 1.6 age 1.0 0.8 Sunday 3.0 0.6 future 0 0.4 century 0 0.4 decade 0 0.2 May 2.0 0.1

9. 9 Data III Cross-tabulation normalized distribution per ten million words for verb/translated verb translated yesno go236.049.5 come208.049.5 fall49.08.5 run6.04.6 arrive30.03.6 roll7.03.2 fly22.02.0 return10.01.0 rise00.4 enter2.00.3 leave1.00.2 travel00.1 jump00.1

10. 10 Data V Cross-tabulation normalized distribution per ten million words for genre/translated genre translated yesno Non-Fiction10266 Fiction46957

11. 11 Data IV Cross-tabulation normalized distribution for tense/translated verb form translated yesno past38965 present16152 infinitive216

12. 12 Results – descriptive analysis Regarding the four variables noun, verb, tense and genre, per ten million words there are more instances of metaphorical expressions of the conceptual metaphor TIME IS MOTION in translated English than in non-translated English.

13. 13 Q&A Förster Hegrenæs, Claudia. "Conceptual metaphors in translation – A corpus based study on quantitative differences between translated and non-translated English." Metaphor and Intercultural Communication. Ed. Andreas Musolff, Fiona MacArthur and Giulio Pagani. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. Förster Hegrenæs, Claudia. TIME IS MOTION. A corpus-based study on the quantitative use of cognitive metaphors in translated and non-translated English. Thesis. Department of Foreign Languages, University of Bergen/Norway, 2011. (https://bora-uib-no.pva.uib.no/handle/1956/5349)