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Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure by Markku S. Nieminen, Michael Böhm, Martin R. Cowie, Helmut Drexler, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Guillaume Jondeau, Yonathan Hasin, José Lopez-Sendon, Alexandre Mebazaa, Marco Metra, Andrew Rhodes, Karl Swedberg, Silvia G. Priori, Maria Angeles Alonso Garcia, Jean-Jacques Blanc, Andrzej Budaj, Martin R Cowie, Veronica Dean, Jaap Deckers, Enrique Fernandez Burgos, John Lekakis, Bertil Lindahl, Gianfranco Mazzotta, João Morais, Ali Oto, Otto A. Smiseth, Maria Angeles Alonso Garcia, Kenneth Dickstein, Anibal Albuquerque, Pedro Conthe, Maria Crespo-Leiro, Roberto Ferrari, Ferenc Follath, Antonello Gavazzi, Uwe Janssens, Michel Komajda, João Morais, Rui Moreno, Mervyn Singer, Satish Singh, Michal Tendera, and Kristian Thygesen EHJ Volume 26(4):384-416 January 28, 2005 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 1 Clinical classification of the mode of heart failure (Forrester classification). Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 2 Pathophysiology of the syndrome of acute heart failure. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 3 Diagnosis of AHF. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 4 Assessment of LV function in AHF. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 5 Immediate goals in treatment of the patients with AHF. In coronary patients mean blood pressure (mBP) should be higher to ensure coronary perfusion, mBP >70, or systolic >90 mmHg. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 6 Rationale for inotropic drugs in AHF. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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Figure 8 Selection of candidates for LV assist devices. Markku S. Nieminen et al. Eur Heart J 2005;26:384-416 © The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
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