1. Celebrex ® (celecoxib): Another treatment for inflammation! Alberto Ponce Organic Chemistry 12B Spring 2006 http://posa0886.tripod.com http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=explorer/view ers/webmol.jsp

2. Abstract Until recently, a single cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme was thought to be responsible for all of the catalysis of Arachidonic Acid into a prostaglandin. It has now been shown that two forms of this protein, COX-1 and COX-2, exist. COX-1 is expressed in most cells and is thought to be responsible for producing the prostaglandins that provide gastrointestinal tolerability. COX-2 is an inducible form that is present only in inflammatory states. Recently, a second generation of NSAIDs has been developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. These drugs selectively inhibit the COX-2 protein, thus reducing inflammation. One such drug, celecoxib, marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex ®.

3. What is Celebrex ® ? Celebrex ® is a Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drug that specifically targets a protein called Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) that causes inflammation in tissues. Created and distributed by Pfizer Labs http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=explorer/singleimage.jsp&structureId=1pxx&type=asym& size=500

4. The essential mechanism of inflammation http:// pubs.acs.org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/isubscribe/journals/chreay/103/i03/figures/cr02 0464af00001.html

5. The representation of how celecoxib binds with COX-2 http://pubs.acs.org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/isubscribe/journals/jacsat/122/i39/figure s/ja001018cf00001.html

6. Celebrex ® in action http://pubs.acs.org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/isubscribe/journals/jacsat/122/i39/figures/j a001018cf00007.html

7. Anti-inflamatory drugs http://pubs.acs.org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/isubscribe/journals/chreay/103/i03/figure s/cr020464af1.html

8. Types of anti-inflammatory medicine Celebrex ® FDA issued warning was voted to stay on market FDA recommending limited use Vioxx FDA approved in May 1999 Recalled on 9/30/04 Twice as likely to suffer heart attacks and strokes with extended use

9. Tablet of Celebrex ® Each tablet can contain 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg of celecoxib Active Celecoxib Inactive Croscarmellose sodium Edible inks Magnesium stearate Gelatin Lactose monohydrate Povidone Sodium lauryl sulfate Titanium dioxide

10. Uses of Celebrex ® Prescribed by a MD to patients that have symptoms of the arthritis, acute pain and swelling, or even menstrual cramps in women. In fact, celecoxib has recently been approved by the FDA as the first drug for treatment of adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary disease that leads to colorectal cancer.

11. Side Effects and Risk Factors headache abdominal pain diarrhea nausea insomnia drowsiness stomach ulcers liver damage kidney problems fluid retention Myocardial infarction* *Only when taken in a regular basis for >18months

12. Summary and Conclusion Further research and testing are in progress though it has been found that Celecoxib does skin irritation as an allergic reaction to NASAIDs plus some gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding, and suppression of renal functions. In addition, recently studies suggest that COX-2- selective anti-inflammatory drugs may become a new option in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. FDA recommends limited use of this drug

13. References Analysis of Binding Affinities for Celecoxib Analogues with COX-1 and COX-2 from Combined Docking and Monte Carlo Simulations and Insight into the COX-2/COX-1 Selectivity Plount Price, M.L. and Jorgensen, W.L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 39, 9455 - 9466, 2000, 10.1021/ja001018c Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors: A Comparative QSAR Study Garg, R., Kurup, A., Mekapati, S.B., and Hansch, C. Chem. Rev., 103, 3, 703 - 732, 2003, 10.1021/cr020464a http://www.rcsb.org http://www.adrugrecall.com http://www.fda.gov http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/index.php?newsid=7621 http://www.medsafe.govt.nz "NSAID linked to fatal allergic reaction." (celecoxib)(Brief Article) Practice Nurse, April 26, 2002 p59(1). Science Resource Center. Thomson Gale. Seedher, Neelam. Soulubility Enhancement of COX-2 Inhibitors Using Various Solvent Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003; 4(3) article 33