1. HIV/AIDS : Ethical problems and solutions (HIV infection and AIDS) (HIV infection and AIDS) The role of the law The role of religion HIV-Infected pregnant women & abortion HIV transmission in hospital setting How can we support the HIV/AIDS people? Conclusion Outline 1

2. AIDS HUMAN RIGHTS Discrimination NormalHIV-InfectionAIDSNormal HIV ? How to protect HIV/AIDS people from discrimination? Ethical problems 2

3. Discrimination “ Any form of distinction, exclusion or restriction affecting a person usually by virtue of an inherent personal characteristic.” Deny to associate with a person with HIV/AIDS Provide different benefits or services Pre-employment inquiries about health status Questions about sexual behavior Discrimination because of having friends with AIDS Violating the confidentiality of AIDS people Common forms of discrimination 3

4. Ways to protect HIV/AIDS people include; The role of the law The role of the religion Protect the rights of HIV/AIDS people Protective Role of law Law and discrimination Halt many kinds of illegal treatment The role of the law & HIV/AIDS Problem How to enforce the laws? 4

5. The role of religion in HIV/AIDS Counselors against AIDS Humanistic support Prolong life-span End their life with peace SUPPORT, UNITE, INSPIRE, ASSIST 5

6. HIV-Infected pregnant woman Decision making “Decision making” Let the baby be born Let the baby die Rate of mother-to-child transmission Developed countries : 15 - 20 % Developing countries : 25 - 35 % HIV-Infected pregnant woman & abortion 6

7. Economic status Education Data of physician Status of disease Age of pregnancy Husband’s perception Factors influencing the decision of abortion in HIV-infected pregnant woman HIV-Infected pregnant woman & abortion 7

8. Ethical problems - Religion - Human rights - Less social problems - decrease orphan child - decrease economical support + Decision to TERMINATE pregnancy ( ( 18-50% in Thailand) HIV-Infected pregnant woman & abortion “Respect her decision & support her instead of judge her RIGHT or WRONG” 8

9. Prevention mother-to-child transmission Anti-retroviral drugs Cesarean section No breast-feeding Decision to CONTINUE pregnancy HIV-Infected pregnant woman & abortion Problems; HIV-Infected child: economic, illness Uninfected child : orphan 9

10. HIV transmission in hospital setting Patient-to-health care professional transmission Health care professional-to-patient transmission Patient-to-health care professional transmission 0.3-0.5% of HIV transmission needle-stick injury, cut wound etc. Problems: Right to know? Insurance? Work practice? 10

11. HIV Transmission in hospital setting Health care professional-to-patient transmission Problems: Work practice? Restriction Termination Right to tell? 11 CDC (1992): 360 surgeons, 1,200 dentists, 5,000 physicians were HIV-seropositive (USA)

12. How can we support people with HIV/AIDS? Medical treatment Social support Government/Private banks Organization Donation Depression Resources: family, religion, health care providers Goals: reduce stigma and their negative feeling Psychological support 12

13. Conclusion Religion Law Physical & medical support Social support Psychological support HIV AIDS 13

14. Professor. John Essigmann (MIT) Associate Professor Ram Sasisekharan (MIT) Dr. Ganesh Venkataraman (MIT) Dr. Maria Kartalou (MIT) Dr. Suvit Loprasert (CRI) Dr. Poolsak Sahakittichan (CRI) Dr. Praphan Phanuphak (Thai Red Cross & Chulalongkorn University) Mr. Pornchai Sornsathapornkul (TAVEG-SIRIRAJ) CRI’s staff All of the audiences