1. Out of War Emergency Measures New Institutions Technology and tactics

2. Emergency Measures In the South, a Draft is called for- many states and counties refused to oblige.Age is stretched up to 50 years old! The South looks for help from England to counter blockade, and France who wanted to expand in Mexico. The North asks England to pay for its support of the Confederacy ($19 million) The North taxes income for the 1st time to help finance the war. The north also institutes a draft. Rich could buy their way out.

3. Emergency Measures con’t. The army was used to control newspapers and the mail system. Arrest of Maryland legislators to avoid vote on secession. Kentucky put under martial law (military is in charge). The writ of habeas corpus is suspended- arrested and held without trial African Americans set free, then used as soldiers. Some Southern slaves were used for military labor.

4. New Institutions The founding of the American Red Cross- Clara Barton The U.S. Sanitary Commission- tried to fight the problems of trash, human waste, disease on the battle field. Reformation of the national bank- national currency printed, “greenbacks” Point Lookout and the Ohio Penitentiary- housed Confederate soldiers. Internal Revenue Act gives the government the ability to collect a percentage of income based on what you make.

5. Technology and Tactics The Monitor and the Merrimack- iron warships Firearms- guns had their barrels rifled (grooves on the inside) Shells were used in addition to cannonballs, bullets changed from ball to conical shape Women nurses and surgeons use anti- infection medicine

6. Weapons and Tactics The Union formed a blockade to keep the South from selling cotton to Europe. The Shenandoah Valley was captured and burned to prevent South from growing food. Railroad ties were bent to prevent transportation. Sieges were used on several occasions by Union Army Sherman marches to Savannah after destroying Atlanta (1864)