1. A leading global CRO Systematically Reordering Axis in SAS Graph Brian Shen Web: www.ppdi.comwww.ppdi.com

2. A leading global CRO SAS default ordering for Major axis tick values is sometimes not desirable for procedures like GPLOT, GCHART, etc., as examples provided. Reordering the major axis values often takes significant amount of time for programmers, especially for generating big number of graphs for different parameters, or for data changing on daily basis, like marketing data. Introduction

3. A leading global CRO SAS Default: Too Many (18) Tick Numbers

4. A leading global CRO SAS Default: Font Size Change causes order changed

5. A leading global CRO SAS Default: Tick values look strange

6. A leading global CRO SAS Default: Only non-negative order was generated for Data with negative values

7. A leading global CRO SAS Default: Plot shrinks into a line if “label =none” AXIS option is specified

8. A leading global CRO SAS Default: No plot generated for missing data WARNING: ALL VALUES MISSING or out of range for ( y * x ). Check to see if VAXIS= or HAXIS= list is incorrect.

9. A leading global CRO MATHEMATICAL LOGICS TO RECALCULATE AXIS ORDERING To resolve the issues mentioned above, new mathematical logics are presented to calculate axis order, using SAS macro languages (%ORDER). Seven major steps are included for the new ordering mechanisms. For more details, please refer to the macro.

10. A leading global CRO For Example: Min = - 301, Max = 401  Range = 702; Min = -0.001, Max = 0.0001  Range = 0.0011; Special case for range equal to 0: If Min = Max = 0, reset Min = - 0.5, Max = 0.5; If Min = Max and not equal to 0, extend Min/Max to half of their absolute value on both direction. For example, if Min=Max=50, Reset Min = 25, Max =75. STEP 1: Get the data RANGE either from the dataset variable or by user defined MIN or MAX.

11. A leading global CRO For Example: 702/10 = 70.2  RESULT1 = 70; 0.0011/10 = 0.00011  RESULT1 = 0.00011; STEP 2: Divide range by 10 to get interim result, called RESULT1, if RESULT1 > 1, round it to single digit.

12. A leading global CRO For Example: 70 / 10 = 7  RESULT2 = 7, DIVIDER = 10; 0.00011 / 0.0001 = 1.1  RESULT2 = 1.1, DIVIDER = 0.0001; STEP 3: Divide RESULT1 by a DIVIDER to make the new result, called RESULT2, in a range between 0 to 10, and DIVIDER [10 n, n=must be integers], which must be exponents with base 10, like …, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, …, etc.

13. A leading global CRO For Example: RESULT2 = 7  STEP1 = 10 RESULT2 = 1.1  STEP1 = 2.5 STEP 4: Get the initial step, called STEP1, based on the following logics: If. < RESULT2 < =2.5, STEP1 = 2.5; If 2.5 < RESULT2 < =6.2, STEP1 = 5; If 6.2 < RESULT2 < 10, STEP1 = 10;

14. A leading global CRO For Example: Step1 =10, divider= 10  STEP = 10 * 10 * 2 = 200; Step1 =2.5, divider= 0.0001  STEP = 2.5 * 0.0001 * 2 = 0.0005 STEP 5: Get the STEP for axis order by multiplying STEP1 by DIVIDER by 2, i.e., STEP = STEP1*DIVIDER*2. :

15. A leading global CRO For Example: Min = - 301, Max = 401  ORDER= -400 TO 600 by 200 Min = 0.001, Max = 0.0001  ORDER = -0.0010 to 0.0005 by 0.0005 STEP 6: Get the LOW and HIGH value for ORDER using the following formula: LOW = Floor(MIN/STEP)*STEP HIGH = Ceil(MAX/STEP)*STEP ORDER = LOW to HIGH by STEP

16. A leading global CRO STEP 7: If both Min and Max are non- negative or non-positive, the LOW and HIGH must both be non-negative or non- positive [Except for Min = Max = 0]. If Min and Max are in different signs, LOW and HIGH must also be in different signs.

17. A leading global CRO %order( Dsn = sashelp.cars, var = mpg_city, max = 50.7, order_name = y_order, valuelist_name = y_tickvaluelist) This call will use Min of MPG_CITY from dataset SASHELP.CARS and max = 50.7 to calculate axis order. %order(var = -0.7, max = 50.7); This call will use Min of -0.7 and max = 50.7 to calculate axis order. Sample Calls

18. A leading global CRO This is for GPLOT/GCHART/SGPLOT, etc. Y_ORDER: =10 to 60 by 10 Those three are designed for GTL Y_TICKVALUELIST: 10 20 30 40 50 60 VIEWMIN: 10 VIEWMAX: 60 Macro Variables Generated for AXIS ordering

19. A leading global CRO For GPLOT, etc: AXIS1 Label = none order = (&y_order.) offset=(0, 3)pct; For GTL: yaxisopts=( linearopts =(viewmin = &viewmin viewmax=&viewmax tickvaluelist= (&y_tickvaluelist.))); Apply results for your graph programming:

20. A leading global CRO Min | Max GPLOT DEFAULT (Tick Numbers) GTL DEFAULT (Tick Numbers) %ORDER (Tick Numbers) Missing | Missing WARNING: ALL VALUES MISSING or out of range. No plot will be Generated WARNING: Y=Y is invalid. The option expects at least one non-missing value in the column. Graph is Generated with empty AXIS WARNING: ALL VALUES MISSING or out of range. Graph will be Generated with AXIS = 999 to 9999 by 9000. Can make revision to be consistent with GTL 0 | 0 0 to 0 by 0 (1) plot shrinks into a line Label = none is specified in AXIS statement 0 to 0 by 0 (1)-1 to 1 by 0.5 (5) 1 | 41 to 4 by 1 (4)1 to 4 by 0.5 (7)1 to 4 by 1 (4) 1.1 | 61 to 6 by 1 (6) 100 | 635100 to 700 by 100 (7) 777 | 777777 to 777 by 0 (1),777 to 777 by 0 (1)200 to 1200 by 200 (6) -0.002 | 200000 to 30000 by 10000 (4)0 to 20000 by 5000 (5)-5000 to 20000 by 5000 (6) -1.36E-7 | 2.68E-7-1.76E-7 to 2.74E-7 by 0.5E-7 (10)-2E-7 to 3E-7 by 1E-7 (6) -168000 | -2-170000 to 0 by 10000 (18)-200000 to 0 by 50000 (5) Compared Result with SAS Default

21. A leading global CRO Compared Result with SAS Default

22. A leading global CRO Compared Result with SAS Default

23. A leading global CRO Compared Result with SAS Default

24. A leading global CRO Conclusion This macro significantly enhance SAS axis ordering mechanism, especially for procedures like GPLOT, GCHART. In generally cases, it will generate axis order better than SAS default for procedures like GPLOT/GCHART, and comparable or better than axis ordering mechanism in SAS9.3 STAT graph package and SAS9.3 GTL graph package.