1. Liquid Stone Huward Fontenot MEEN-3344-001 Spring 2004

2. Background  Created by BJ Services Company  Made from Portland Concrete (API Class H)  Normally begins hydration immediately after being mixed  Can be slowed down  Often irreversible

3. Composition  Suspending agent  Kerrigena – keeps viscosity low, makes pumping easier  Plasticizer  Maintains fluid state, keeps gel strength down, keeps low thickness  Set Retarder  Proprietary organic acid - stops hydration process

4. Using Liquid Stone  Activator  Added to the Liquid Stone to initiate hydration process  Returns to Portland Concrete state (maintains similar properties)  If used in high temperature areas, the high temperature can act as the activator  Optimum temperature range is up to 450ºF

5. Uses  Used in remote locations  Concrete normally transported dry and mixed on site  Easier to handle  Used in offshore oil rigs  No pre-mixing necessary  Easily poured

6. Benefits  Slurries can be mixed for specific uses  Ranges in density (8.1 – 20.0 ppg)  Maintains normal compressive strength  Easily pumped  Environmentally safe  Personnel have minimal exposure to dust  Compatible with other cements  Reduces losses during mixing and transport  Can be stored for several months in liquid state

7. References  BJ Services Liquid Stone Website  http://www.bjservices.com/website/liquidstone.nsf/webpages/bjliquidstone?opendocument http://www.bjservices.com/website/liquidstone.nsf/webpages/bjliquidstone?opendocument http://www.bjservices.com/website/liquidstone.nsf/webpages/bjliquidstone?opendocument  Article on Liquid Stone  http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.as p?newsid=7243 http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.as p?newsid=7243 http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.as p?newsid=7243  Article on Use of Liquid Stone  http://www.eandpnet.com/firstlook/iadc- spe/p1_liquid.htm http://www.eandpnet.com/firstlook/iadc- spe/p1_liquid.htm http://www.eandpnet.com/firstlook/iadc- spe/p1_liquid.htm