1. Understanding sensory-motor integration

2. ORGANIZATION OF SENSORY SYSTEMS: General perspectives Sensori-motor integration External senses Localize/Detect and monitor change Less sensitive to unchanging stimuli Tuned…sense modes

3. Organization of sensory systems Sense organs Receptors-specificity and transduction –Receptive fields- and limitations coding- labeled lines vs pattern coding Adaptation and suppression Neural relays and recoding Intra-modality sensory Convergence Cortical representation/ perception Sensory subsystems

4. The Visual System

5. Tracing the ccts of vision

6. Organization of sensory systems Sense organs Receptors-specificity and transduction –Receptive fields- and limitations Adaptation and suppression coding- labeled lines vs pattern coding Neural relays and recoding Intra-modality sensory Convergence Cortical representation/ perception Sensory subsystems

7. The organ of vision

8. The eye is like an SLR camera

9. Like a camera Lens-focus Iris-light control (aperture) Photoreceptors- transduction of light info (Light sensitive film)

11. The lens-a small point of interest

12. Like a camera-lens is curved Upside-down and inverted

13. Like a camera- Control of eye movement also critical

14. Eye movement- 3 major types of movement that can affect vision Pursuit/tracking Saccades vergence

15. Organization of sensory systems Sense organs Receptors-specificity and transduction –Receptive fields- and limitations –Adaptation and suppression –coding- labeled lines vs pattern coding Intra-modality sensory Convergence Neural relays and recoding Cortical representation/ perception Sensory subsystems

16. Sensitivity and Limitations of the visual system: visible light spectrum

17. Organization of sensory systems Sense organs Receptors-specificity and transduction –Receptive fields and limitations –Adaptation and suppression –coding- labeled lines vs pattern coding Intra-modality sensory Convergence Neural relays and recoding Sensory subsystems Cortical representation/ perception

18. The Iris Controls light exposure

19. Organization of sensory systems Sense organs Receptors-specificity and transduction –Receptive fields- and limitations –Adaptation and suppression –coding- labeled lines vs pattern coding Intra-modality sensory Convergence Neural relays and recoding Sensory subsystems Cortical representation/ perception

20. The retina-photoreceptive tissue

21. Visual field and retino-topic organization

23. More on the retina

25. Photoreceptors

26. Rods and Cones

27. Receptive fields and Coding RODS- dark/low illumination sensitive to movement peripheral vision CONES- High illumination sensitive to color foveal vision

28. ROD CONE DISTRIBUTION

29. FOVEA

30. FOVEA and optic disc/blind spot

31. Foveal acuity

32. Retinal circuitry

33. NOTE: Light passes through ganglion cell layer, and bipolar cell layer before striking photoreceptors ( light transparent). Activation of photoreceptor activats cct in reverse direction.

35. What accounts for Foveal acuity

36. Accounting for Foveal Accuity 1. Cone properties 2. Circuitry

38. Color Coding in cones

40. The Trichromatic Theory of color

41. Receptive fields of Ganglion cells

42. Set up for sensory evoked recording

43. Sensory convergence

44. Retinal photoreceptors corresponding to Ganglion cell receptive fields

46. Purpose of ganglion cell receptive fields?

47. Lateral inhibition?

48. Lateral inhibition

49. Overlapping receptive fields contribute to lateral inhibition The center of one field may be the surround of another

50. Retina ganglion cell axons coalesce

51. …and leave eye chamber to form the optic nerve

52. From retina to cortex

53. Decussation at optic chiasm Decussation-crossing over..how does this work?

54. Partial decussation at optic chiasm Decussation-crossing over Not as simple as left and right eye Decussation of visual field info

55. Temporal retina Nasal Retina

56. -Nasal Retinal Fibers Cross -Temporal fibers do not

63. Retinotopic-Cortical representation

64. -Left and right visual field info -upside down -Foveal dominance

65. Cortical Organization- LGN input at layer 4

67. Vertical processing

68. Set up for sensory evoked recording

69. Remember sensory convergence

70. Receptive fields of neurons in the PVC-orientation specificity

71. Orientation specificity

72. Orientation modules:Sensory- evoked recording studies

73. Modules- orientation specific columns plus PVC “blobs”

74. Diagnosing/predicting visual deficits

75. What happens if the entire PVC is damaged?

76. Blind sight/ Superior Colliculi http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=e n&rls=GGIC,GGIC:2007- 01,GGIC:en&ei=KD1bSsuNMJKKMe- c7EI&resnum=0&q=blindsight&um=1&ie= UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=e n&rls=GGIC,GGIC:2007- 01,GGIC:en&ei=KD1bSsuNMJKKMe- c7EI&resnum=0&q=blindsight&um=1&ie= UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#

77. Other visual subsystems -SCN -Pineal gland

78. Suprchiasmatic Nucleus- Circadian Rhythms

84. Pineal Gland-”the third eye” and Infradian rhythms

85. Secretor cells of the pineal gland

86. Produce melatonin

89. OK… so what happens next?

90. VENTRAL STREAM Object Recognition –Visual agnosias –Prosopagnosia –Anosagnosia –http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=ramachandran+synesthe sia&www_google_domain=www.google.com&hl=en&emb=0&aq =4&oq=ramachandran#q=ramachandran+imposter&hl=en&emb =0http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=ramachandran+synesthe sia&www_google_domain=www.google.com&hl=en&emb=0&aq =4&oq=ramachandran#q=ramachandran+imposter&hl=en&emb =0

91. prosopagnosia

92. Dorsal Sream- WHERE/ CONTEXT/SPACE –Balints –Movement agnosia –Visual Sensory neglect

93. Balint’s syndrome and Simultagnosia Balint's syndrome is a neuropsychological disorder that results from damage to both parietal lobes 77. Clinically, it includes three main symptoms: simultanagnosia (the inability to see more than one object at a time); optic ataxia (the fixation of gaze with severe problems in voluntarily moving fixation); and optic apraxia (the inability to reach towards the correct location of perceived objects) 78 77 78 Spatial-visual agnosia

94. Visual hemilateral neglect

95. Putting the Visual World into perspective: The DLPFC

97. Synesthesia and the DLPFC? http://science.discovery.com/videos/when- senses-collide-origins.htmlhttp://science.discovery.com/videos/when- senses-collide-origins.html Synesthesia Check it out Dawgs!

98. Sensori-Motor Integration