1. The President IV 2/21/2012

2. Clearly Stated Learning Objectives Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: – understand and interpret the United States Constitution and apply it to the present (the sections on the presidency and Electoral College). – assess the 2008 & 2012 Presidential Elections without resorting to partisan bickering. – identify and explain the role of formal and informal institutions and their effect on policy.

3. Office Hours and Readings Readings- Chapter 10 on the Bureaucracy Office Hours – Today 12-2 – Wednesday 8-11

4. USING OTHER POWERS Presidential Success

5. Executive Stuff Executive Orders Carry the weight of law Must be on a single issue Cannot require new revenues Die when the president leaves Executive Agreements Bilateral agreements with other nations Carry the weight of a treaty Not that great of a power The Senate hates these

6. The Veto The “Smart Bomb” in the legislative process Most vetoes are sustained Can be overused Threats work better

7. INFORMAL POWERS Politics by other Means

8. The Power to Persuade Richard Neustadt Presidential Power is the Power To Persuade

9. Persuasion What is Persuasion You have to convince them by what ever means necessary Getting Decision makers to do what you want – The Johnson Treatment

10. Getting things Done: Trading Favors Prestige of the office Granting New Favors Calling in Past Favors

11. Getting Things Done: Reprisals Monetary Threats Campaign Threats Policy Threats

12. Why Persuasion Fails Threats are Not Credible Favors are not worth it Electoral Security and temporal forces

13. Why President Obama is Currently having difficulty persuading Republicans do not want to compromise Democrats are already on board The Election is getting close

14. Everything is inside

15. GOING PUBLIC Samuel Kernell

16. Going Public Using presidential popularity to by-pass Congress and take the message to the people. A Two Step Model

17. Requirements High reliance on the media Use the same tools as the campaign

18. Who is good at “Going Public” Political Outsiders Popular Presidents Presidents who are good communicators Presidents facing divided government

19. How it Can fail: No Coverage

20. How it Can Fail: Missteps http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HOBTUCv4o0

21. How it can Fail: Disinterest

22. How it Can Fail: Getting off Message

23. How it can fail: A guy throws a shoe at you http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM3Z_Kskl_U

24. Going Public is Risky You must have public support on the issue You cannot do it too much Unpopular presidents will not be able to do it

25. WHY DOES EVERYONE HATE THE PRESIDENT?

26. The Media hate the President They punish failure They do not reward success Bad news is better for ratings

27. Congress hates the president Different Goals Different Time frames Divided Government

28. The People Turn on the President Term Limits We Grow tired of the president The realities of the office

29. IS THE PRESIDENT DOOMED TO FAIL? Keeping your head above water

30. Presidential Approval

31. The Key’s To Presidential Popularity Strong Economy Staying away from Scandal Rally around the Flag events http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7TTBL6WXAY

32. How to Lose it

33. President Obama: On the Ledge

34. Bureaucracy

35. What is a Bureaucracy The Bureaucracy are the organizations that administer programs and policies in both government and the private sector Where we see it – SEU – Business – The Government Bureaucrats the individuals in these organizations.

36. Why A Bureaucracy?: The Tasks of Government The Constitution sets up a need for bureaucrats You have to have people to administer these tasks

37. Why a Bureaucracy: The Public Goods Problem What are public goods? Business will not touch it How do you protect/provide these?

38. Why a Bureaucracy? Size

39. Why a Bureaucracy: Human Resources 2 million employees 1.4 million active duty personnel 24% of Total GDP

40. The Bureaucracy in the Constitution No specific mention Article II- implies a bureaucracy The Founders didn’t expect a large role

41. The Pendleton Act and The Spoils System “To the victor goes the spoils” James Garfield (RIP) The Pendleton Act (1883)