2.  Enlightenment influenced politics - natural rights (religious tolerance, freedom of speech, press, etc.)  Needed enlighten rulers to protect natural rights  rule by enlightened principles & try to keep royal powers. Examples to follow

3.  Frederick William I  Efficient gov bureaucracy  4 th largest European army.  Frederick II / Frederick the Great,  Most educated /cultured monarch of the time.  dedicated ruler.  Enlightenment Reforms  abolished torture except in treason & murder.  limited freedom of speech & press.

4.  Favored some Enlightenment Ideals  Considered equality of all before law.  Didn’t reform much  needed nobilities support.  Expanded Russian territory

5.  many nationalities-hard to control  Maria Theresa  Focus Centralizing & strengthen state.  Joseph II  reforms-many failed  Abolished serfdom  Eliminated death penalty.  Equality before law  Religious toleration  Angered Catholic Church  Freed serfs  Angered nobles-no support  serfs unhappy-didn’t understand changes.

6.  War of Austrian Succession  Maria Theresa succeeds to Austrian throne  Frederick II (Prussia) didn’t recognize her rule – invades Silesia.  Ally -France  Maria ally -Britain  (Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle)- Austria regained land (not Silesia) -Angered Maria  Starts 7yrs War –fought in ……  Europe- Austria, France & Russian Vs. Britain & Prussia  India- Britain & France (Brits win India )-  North American (French & Indian War) British & French  Brits win –Ohio River Valley (French) & Florida (Spanish)  Treaty of Paris 1763 ends fighting

7.  France gave Louisiana to Spain, Spanish Florida came under British control, and Canada became British. These were all outcomes of what in North America?  Seven Years’ War

8.  Diplomatic revolution of 1756 led to what?  A worldwide war  Ruler of Russia from 1762-1796  Catherine II  Catherine the Great of Russia favored the landed nobility, expanded serfdom, enlarged what?  The Russian Empire  Fredrick the Great of Prussia enlarged what?  The army

9.  Traditional Austrian empress  Maria Theresa  In the war of the Austrian Succession, Prussia invaded where?  Austrian Silesia  The concern of the 18 th century monarchs for balance of power basically involved the desire to prevent what by one state?  domination

10.  Monarchical rule by Enlightenment principles  Enlightened absolutism