1. Chordates Have a notochord at some stage in life. Have a dorsal tubular nerve cord ( spinal cord) Have pharyngeal gill slits at some stage in life Ventral Heart & closed circulatory systems

2. Chordate subphyla Urochordata- Tunicate sea squirt(Amocetes larvae) Cephalochordata- Amphioxus or lancelet hemichordata - acorn worm Vertebrata- animals with at least some vertebrae of bone or cartilage * 8 classes

5. AGNATHA JAWLESS PARASITE NOTOCHORD IS PRIMARY SUPPORT UNPAIRED FINS POILKIOTHERMIC- UNABLE TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE OPEN GILLS 2 CHAMBERED HEART ANADROMOUS-RETURN TO FRESH WATER TO SPAWN

9. Agnatha cont. LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water

10. Open Gill Slits Pineal organ

11. Pineal Organ Senses light –direct migration and mating behavior according to seasonal changes in light

12. Notochord Gill

13. Notochord Dorsal rod-like support

14. Curved Horny Teeth

15. Round Circular Mouth

17. CHONDRICHTHYES

19. OVOVIVIPAROUS-BEAR LIVE YOUNG THAT ARE NOURISHED FROM YOLK SHARKS, RAYS, AND SKATES 2 CH. HEART, Poilkiothermic SPIRACLE, OPEN GILLS,

20. CARTILAGE SKELETON RECTAL GLAND- REMOVES SALT OIL CONTENT HIGH FOR BUOYANCY PLACOID SCALE-TOOTH LIKE

25. Spiracle Gill Slits

26. Spiracle Takes in water Gills are open Flap of skin folds back over but does not close as in body fish

29. Rectal Gland Removes Salt

31. Gill Raker and Lamellae

32. Raker -removes food and dirt Lamellae- rremoves oxygen from water and carbon dioxide from bloodgas is exchanged

33. OSTEICHTHYES OPERCULUM-GILL COVER BONY SKELETON SWIM BLADDER-buoyancy FLAT CTENOID OR CYCLOID SCALES MOST ARE OVIPAROUS-LAY EGGS

34. Ostiechthyes cont 2 CHAMBERED HEART LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water POILKIOTHERMIC

40. To Gills Oxygenated and Deoxygenated is mixed

41. Heart chambers Atria- collects and pushes blood into ventricle Ventricle- pumps blood to body or lungs

45. AMPHIBIA SMOOTH MOIST SKIN, POISON GLANDS & PIGMENT CELLS TETRAPODS ( MOSTLY) LACK CLAWS TYMPANUM & VOCAL SACS LUNGS, GILLS, & CUTANEOUS (SKIN ) BREATHING 3 CHAMBERED HEART POIKIOTHERMIC

49. Tympanum External ear drum Vocalize during courtship and for establishing a territory

58. REPTILIA Thick, dry keratinized scales with claws, four limbs Poilkiotherms( ectotherms) Amniote eggs- water built inside or ovoviviparous or oviparous Lungs Jacobson’s organ-smell or taste Infared Pit- heat sensation

59. Nictitating Membrane Second eyelid transparent

64. Four chambers with incomplete septum

68. AVES Feathers, beak, scales, keeled sternum, hollow bones, synsacrum, fused phalanges- wings, highest metabolism, crop, gizzard, and cloaca. Amniote Eggs Four heart chambers Homeotherm- constant body temp. Lungs with air sacs

81. Mammalia Homeothermic 4 Complete Heart Chambers Hair covers body Mammary Glands Mostly Viviparous- mostly placental

82. Adaptations for survival in Terrestrial Environments Skeleton Respiratory—Gills and cutaneous breathing to Lungs Circulatory– Separation of Heart chambers Sensory- lens, tympanum,touch receptors, Water Conservation- Amniote Egg has it’s own water and protection Marsupial and Placental Development – protection, Nourishment, and water.

83. Brain Regions Anterior to Posterior Olfactory-smell Cerebrum-thinking, learning Optic- vision Cerebellum-coordination and balance Medulla-breathing and heart beat regulation

84. Integument- thick keratinized scale, feathers and skin Prevent evaporation

85. Kidneys- kidneys become better able to conserve water by increasing their abilities to reabsorb water and eliminate increasing concentrated or altered nitrogen waste