1. 4.06 Understand the Reproductive Process and the Disorders of the Reproductive System

2. Reproductive process: Conception
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

3. Reproductive process: Conception
When the sperm and the egg unite
Pregnancy occurs
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

4. Reproductive process: Fertilization
Union of male and female gametes to form a zygote from which the embryo develop = conception
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

5. Reproductive process: Sex Chromosomes
What makes a person a girl instead of a boy???
Sex Chromosomes!
Boys are XY
Girls are XX
4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

6. Reproductive Process: Pregnancy
Conception to birth
Normal gestational period = 40 weeks
Terms to remember:
Embryo
1-8 weeks
Fetus
9-40 weeks
Newborn
At birth
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

7. Reproductive process: Fetal Development
6-8 weeks
12-14 weeks
17-19 weeks
5-6 months
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

8. Reproductive process: Labor
Dilation stage
The uterine smooth muscle begins to contract
Contractions move the fetus down the uterus and cause the cervix to dilate
The cervix is completely
dilated at 10 centimeters
Which hormone stimulates
uterine contractions?
Oxytocin!
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

9. Reproductive process: Labor
Expulsion stage
The baby is actually delivered
Natural
Cesarean
What is an episiotomy?
Why might it be necessary?
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

10. Reproductive process: Labor
Placental stage
The last stage of labor
Also known as afterbirth
Delivered due to final uterine contractions
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

11. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Ectopic pregnancy
Tubal pregnancy, fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube.
Fallopian tube at risk to rupture, and cause life threatening hemorrhage. Requires emergency treatment.
Symptoms: Light vaginal bleeding, N&V, sharp abdominal cramps.
Laparoscopic surgery or emergency surgery.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

12. Postpartum depression
New mothers often feel restless,
anxious, fatigued and worthless
Some new moms worry they will
hurt themselves or their babies
Unlike the "baby blues” (first 2
weeks), postpartum depression
does not go away quickly.
Caused by: Hormonal changes aggravated by exhaustion from childbirth, stress, or lack of sleep in the early weeks of a newborn's life.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

13. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Infertility
Unable to become pregnant after a year of trying
If a woman keeps having spontaneous abortions, it is also called infertility
In Vitro
ZIFT
GIFT
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

14. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Female contraception
Abstinence
Sterilization
Tubal ligation
Barrier methods
Female condom
Spermicides
Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Contraceptive sponge
Hormonal Methods
Birth Control Pills
(contains synthetic Estrogen & Progesterone)
Depo-Provera
Lunelle
NuvaRing/Vaginal Ring
Ortho Evra Patch/Birth Control Patch
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

15. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Male contraception
Abstinence
Vasectomy
Vas / ectomy (Vas deferens is severed)
Permanent sterility
Condoms
Compare the benefits and concerns with each form of male contraception.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

16. Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
Chlamydia
Genital warts
Gonorrhea
Herpes
HIV
Syphilis
Trichomonas
Effects females and males.
May or may not present symptoms.
May or may not have a cure!
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

17. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Example: Gonorrhea
Bacterial STD
Male symptoms: Painful urination, Yellow pus discharge from penis
Female symptoms: None
Treatment: Antibiotics for both partners
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

18. Understand the Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

19. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Breast cancer
The leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 32 and 52
Treatment
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Partial or full mastectomy
Lumpectomy
Abnormal
Normal
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

20. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Breast cancer
Life saving measures
Monthly breast exams
Mammogram
Ultrasound
These measures provides early detection and increased life expectancy for women.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

21. Disorders of the female reproductive system
Self breast exam
Using a mirror, inspect your breasts with your arms at your sides
Look for any changes in contour, swelling, dimpling of skin, or appearance of the nipple.
Using the pads of your fingers, press firmly on your breast, checking the entire breast and armpit area.
There are three patterns you can use to examine your breast: the circular, the up-and-down, and the wedge patterns.
Gently squeeze the nipple of each breast and report any discharge to your doctor immediately.
Examine both breasts lying down. To examine the right breast, place a pillow under your right shoulder and place your right hand behind your head. Using the pads of your fingers, press firmly, checking the entire breast and armpit area. 1 4 2 5 3 6
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

22. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Cervical Cancer
Cancer of the Cervix.
Causes and risk factors: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, having many sexual partners, smoking, taking birth control pills, and engaging in early sexual contact.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

23. Cervical Cancer
Sexually actively females should have an exam and screening with a Pap Smear annually for early detection of cervical cancer.
Gardasil, protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers.
What are the benefits
of receiving the HPV vaccine?
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

24. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Endometriosis
Abnormal endometrial and scar tissue found outside of the uterus on ovaries and abdominal organs.
Responds to hormonal changes each month and attempts to build a lining.
Causing abdominal pain and excessive menstrual bleeding when lining sheds.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

25. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Endometriosis
Can lead to permanent damage to the reproductive organs and sterility.
Treatment includes laparoscopic surgery, hysterectomy, hormonal drugs, or menopause.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

26. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Mastitis
Infection the breast, most frequently associated with breastfeeding.
Symptoms: Breast redness, tenderness, swelling, fever.
Causes: Bacteria, often from the baby's mouth, enter a milk duct through a crack in the nipple. 
Treatment: Antibiotics
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

27. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation of reproductive organs.
May be secondary to
another infection such as Gonorrhea.
Symptoms: Pain, high fever.
Complications: Scarring of fallopian tubes.
Treatment: Antibiotics, analgesics.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

28. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Toxic shock syndrome
Inflammatory response as a result of tampon misuse.
Caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.
Symptoms: Fever, abdominal tenderness, hypotension, respiratory distress, and renal failure.
Treatment: Antibiotics
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

29. Vaginal yeast infection
Overgrowth of fungus Candida. May result from antibiotic use which disrupts normal flora of the vagina.
Symptoms: Vaginal itching, burning, and leukorrhea (white discharge).
Not a sexually transmitted illness.
However, sexual partners may be infected
and need to be treated to prevent re-infection.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

30. Vaginal yeast infection
Treatment: Fungicidal cream or vaginal insert.
Prevention: Avoid tight fitting pants or under-garments, feminine sprays, or douching.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

31. Understand the Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

32. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testicle(s).
Most common in premature babies.
Risks: Fertility problems, increased risk testicular cancer, testicular torsion, inguinal hernia.
If it doesn’t move into its proper position within the first few months of life, may require surgery.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

33. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Epididymitis
Painful swelling and tenderness of the groin and scrotum accompanied by fever.
Infection caused by sexual acquired bacteria, such as Gonorrhea or Chlamydia.
Treatment: Antibiotics
Treatment of sexual partner required also.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

34. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Erectile Dysfunction
Also known as impotence.
Failure of the penis to become rigid enough for intercourse to occur.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

35. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Enlarged prostate.
Symptoms: Difficulty urinating, retention, UTI’s.
Most common in men after 60. Prostate continues to grow throughout man’s life.
Treatment: Regular exams, Prostatectomy in severe cases
Is it cancer? No - Benign.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

36. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Prostate cancer
Most common cancer in males over 50.
Treatment:
“Waitful Watching”
Frequently slow growing and causes no problems.
What are the reproductive side effects to treatment? Impotence
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

37. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system
Testicular cancer
Cancer of testes.
Most common cancer in
males years.
Symptoms:
Scrotal heaviness, back
pain, and breast development.
Risk factors: Undescended testicle(s), congenital abnormalities, History or family history of testicular cancer.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

38. Testicular self-examination
You should perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have any of the following risk factors:
Family history of testicular cancer
Past testicular tumor
Undescended testicle
You are a teenager or young
adult
Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It's best to do the test while standing.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

39. Testicular self-examination
1.Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.
2.Hold the testicle with one hand while firmly but gently rolling the fingers of the other hand over the testicle to examine the entire surface.
3.Repeat the procedure with the other testicle.
4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system